Marine Seismic Sensor Array Multicomponent Derivative Reconstruction
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current marine seismic data acquisition methods, such as towed-streamer and ocean-bottom seismic, face challenges in achieving 3-D up/down wavefield decomposition due to undersampling caused by large receiver and shot point spacing, leading to aliased data and inability to reconstruct pressure and particle velocity components accurately.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a method that performs multicomponent seismic measurements, including pressure and vertical particle velocity data, along with their derivatives, to apply reconstructing methods like sinc2 and sinc3 interpolation, allowing for the interpolation of additional data points and reducing aliasing by doubling or tripling the effective Nyquist wavenumber.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If large receiver and shot point spacing is used to reduce exploration cost, then productivity is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to undersampling and aliasing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the measurement into multiple components (pressure and its derivatives, particle velocity and its derivatives) rather than relying on a single measurement type. This segmentation allows each component to contribute to the overall reconstruction, enabling accurate data recovery even with sparse spatial sampling.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from single-component measurements to multicomponent measurements by adding derivative components. This dimensional expansion in measurement space (from scalar pressure to tensorial stress and velocity fields) provides additional information that resolves the undersampling problem in physical space.
2Productivity
If coarse shot point interval is used to reduce exploration cost, then productivity is improved, but reliability deteriorates due to irrecoverable aliasing
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary measurements of multiple wavefield components (pressure, velocity, and their derivatives) at the coarse sampling locations. By capturing additional physical quantities in advance, the system creates a richer dataset that enables reliable reconstruction and dealiasing during subsequent processing, preventing irreversible information loss.
Solution Approach 2:
The reconstruction process uses the measured multicomponent data to iteratively improve the estimated wavefield. The derivative measurements provide feedback constraints that guide the reconstruction algorithm to converge to the correct solution, even when spatial sampling is coarse, thereby ensuring data reliability.
3Measurement precision
If multicomponent measurements including derivatives are performed, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs sensors that perform multiple functions simultaneously. For example, the same sensor array measures both pressure and particle velocity, and from these primary measurements, various derivatives are computed. This multi-functionality approach achieves high measurement precision without proportionally increasing device complexity, as one sensor system serves multiple measurement purposes.
4Measurement precision
If dense sampling is used to improve measurement precision, then measurement precision is improved, but productivity deteriorates due to increased exploration cost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the measurement parameters from single-component to multicomponent measurements. By measuring different physical quantities (pressure, velocity, derivatives) at the same sparse locations, the system achieves the information equivalence of dense single-component sampling without the associated cost and logistical burden of deploying more receivers or shot points.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus for conducting a marine seismic survey is disclosed. The apparatus includes a plurality of sensors configured to measure water pressure, a horizontal derivative of the pressure in two orthogonal directions, vertical particle velocity or acceleration of the water, and a horizontal derivative of the vertical particle velocity or acceleration in two orthogonal directions.