Martensitic Stainless Steel Drill Rod Microstructure

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current martensitic stainless steels used for drill rods lack sufficient impact toughness and corrosion resistance, leading to premature breakage and increased maintenance costs due to dynamic loads and corrosive environments in rock drilling applications.

Innovation Solution

A martensitic stainless steel composition with a microstructure comprising 75% martensite and 25% retained austenite phases, optimized with specific alloying elements like Cr, Mo, Ni, and Mn, providing enhanced hardness, impact toughness, and corrosion resistance, as defined by a specific PRE-value and Schaeffler diagram coordinates.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of manufacture

If low-alloyed case hardened steels are used for drill rods, then the manufacturing cost is reduced, but the corrosion resistance is insufficient leading to accelerated breakage

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemanufacturing costVSAvoidcorrosion resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by specifying precise ranges for alloying elements (Cr: 12-14%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni: 1.0-2.0%, Mn: 1.0-2.5%) to achieve both cost-effectiveness and superior corrosion resistance. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction by finding the optimal balance point between manufacturing cost and corrosion performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite microstructure consisting of martensite (70-85%) and retained austenite (15-30%), combining the high strength of martensite with the ductility and corrosion resistance of retained austenite. This composite approach simultaneously achieves good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties without requiring expensive single-phase materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

2Productivity

If martensitic steels with high hardness are used to reduce wear, then the wear resistance is improved, but the impact toughness decreases leading to easy breakage under shock loads

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewear resistanceVSAvoidimpact toughness
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite microstructure consisting of martensite (70-85%) and retained austenite (15-30%), combining the high strength of martensite with the ductility and corrosion resistance of retained austenite. This composite approach simultaneously achieves good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties without requiring expensive single-phase materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies local quality by having different phases distributed throughout the microstructure - hard martensite regions provide wear resistance while softer retained austenite regions provide toughness and absorb impact energy. This spatial distribution of different properties withing the same material resolves the contradiction between hardness and toughness.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

3Strength

If the drill rod material has high strength to withstand dynamic loads, then the service life is extended, but the corrosion resistance may be compromised in humid environments

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestrength under dynamic loadsVSAvoidcorrosion resistance
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by specifying precise ranges for alloying elements (Cr: 12-14%, Mo: 0.5-1.0%, Ni: 1.0-2.0%, Mn: 1.0-2.5%) to achieve both cost-effectiveness and superior corrosion resistance. This parameter optimization resolves the contradiction by finding the optimal balance point between manufacturing cost and corrosion performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a composite microstructure consisting of martensite (70-85%) and retained austenite (15-30%), combining the high strength of martensite with the ductility and corrosion resistance of retained austenite. This composite approach simultaneously achieves good corrosion resistance and mechanical properties without requiring expensive single-phase materials.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution results in a drill rod with improved mechanical properties, including high hardness, wear resistance, and corrosion resistance, extending service life and reducing operational costs by providing a cost-efficient, long-lasting drill component.

Implementation Method 1

the martensitic stainless steel comprises more than or equal to 75 % martensite phase and less than or equal to 25 % retained austenite phase

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhase transformation: Phase Change

Implementation Method 2

the martensitic stainless steel has a PRE-value (pitting resistance equivalent value) more than or equal to 14, the PRE value is calculated by the following equation PRE = Cr + 3.3 ∗ Mo

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPitting resistance:

Data Source

PatentEP3322830B1Martensitic stainless steel
Publication Date: 2020.03.18 SANDVIK INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AB
  • EP3322830B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3322830B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3322830B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to a martensitic stainless steel suitable for rock drill steel rods. Furthermore, the present disclosure also relates to the use of the martensitic stainless steel and to products manufactured thereof, especially drill rods.