Master Oracle Aggregates Multi-Source Data for Smart Contracts
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Solution Overview
Problem
Smart contracts in distributed blockchain networks face vulnerabilities due to single data source oracles, which can lead to failures, security threats, inaccuracies, or deprecation, resulting in non-deterministic outcomes and potential contract failures.
Innovation Solution
A system and method for multi-source deterministic oracles, where a master oracle aggregates data messages from multiple oracles, verifies their digital signatures, and transmits an aggregated data message digitally signed with a private key, enabling a smart contract to execute based on verified and aggregated data.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If multiple oracles operate according to consensus-based approaches, then data reliability is improved, but execution time increases and compromised data may reach smart contracts before correction
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary actions by having oracles submit data messages with digital signatures before consensus is fully reached. The master oracle aggregates these signed messages and can immediately execute deterministic functions, while consensus validation occurs in the background or as a separate verification layer, thus preventing time loss in the critical execution path.
Solution Approach 2:
The consensus process is segmented into separate phases: data collection and aggregation phase (where deterministic execution can occur), and validation/consensus confirmation phase. This segmentation allows the system to achieve reliability through consensus mechanisms while maintaining fast execution by not blocking on full consensus validation.
2Speed
If a single data source oracle is used, then execution speed is maintained, but vulnerabilities such as failure, security threats, inaccuracies, or deprecation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges data from multiple oracle sources into a single aggregated data message that maintains deterministic properties. The master oracle combines multiple signed data messages while preserving the ability to execute deterministically, thus achieving both speed (single execution path) and reliability (multiple sources).
Solution Approach 2:
The aggregated data message acts as a composite structure combining information from multiple oracles, each contributing their signed data. This composite approach maintains the integrity and determinism needed for fast execution while incorporating the reliability benefits of multiple sources through cryptographic verification.
3Measurement precision
If multiple oracles are used with consensus protocols, then data accuracy is improved, but system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The master oracle serves as an intermediary that simplifies the complexity of multiple oracles. It receives, validates, and aggregates data messages from multiple oracles, presenting a single deterministic interface to smart contracts. This intermediary approach maintains data accuracy through multiple sources while reducing system complexity by centralizing aggregation logic.
4Reliability
If data from multiple sources is aggregated, then data veracity and insights are enhanced, but processing time and computational overhead increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system replaces complex mechanical consensus verification processes with cryptographic digital signature validation. The master oracle verifies oracle identities and data integrity through efficient cryptographic checks rather than complex consensus algorithms, reducing computational overhead while maintaining data veracity from multiple sources.
Data Source
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AI summary
A master oracle may receive an oracle network identifier for an oracle network. The master oracle may receive a plurality of data messages respectively generated by the oracles. The master oracle may verify, based on respective public keys for the oracles, that each of the data messages are digitally signed by a different corresponding one of the oracles. The master oracle may aggregate the data messages into an aggregated data message. The master oracle may digitally sign the aggregated data message with a private key and public key pair. The master oracle may transmit the aggregated data message to a participant node of a distributed ledger network. A smart contract stored on a blockchain may verify the aggregated data. After receiving and verifying the aggregated data message the smart contract may execute to perform operations based on the aggregated data message.