Matrix Operations Accelerator Tile Loading Mechanism

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current processor architectures face challenges in efficiently handling large matrices, particularly in deep learning applications, due to the complexity and instruction intensity required for matrix operations like matrix-matrix multiplication, which can lead to performance bottlenecks and energy inefficiencies.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a matrix operations accelerator that utilizes tiles as 2-dimensional data structures, allowing for efficient matrix operations such as multiplication, addition, and transformation, with instructions like LOADTILEROW and TILEALIGNROW, enabling direct data movement between vector registers and tile registers, and logical formation of tiles from pre-loaded tiles without moving data within registers.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If traditional processor architectures are used for matrix operations, then general-purpose computing is maintained, but performance bottlenecks and energy inefficiencies occur due to instruction intensity and complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematrix operation throughputVSAvoidenergy efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the matrix operations accelerator into specialized functional units including tile load units, tile align units, and matrix operation units. Each unit handles specific aspects of matrix processing, allowing parallel execution and optimized data flow paths that improve throughput while reducing energy consumption compared to general-purpose processors.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces a dedicated hardware dimension for matrix operations by implementing specialized circuitry that operates in parallel with the main processor. This includes separate data paths, register files, and computation units specifically designed for matrix-matrix multiplication, matrix-vector multiplication, and other linear algebra operations, thereby achieving higher performance and energy efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Productivity

If tiles are implemented as 2-dimensional data structures for efficient matrix operations, then throughput is enhanced, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvematrix operation throughputVSAvoidaccelerator structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent designs the tile-based matrix operations accelerator to handle multiple matrix operation types including matrix-matrix multiplication, matrix-vector multiplication, vector addition, and data transformation using the same tile data structure and operational framework. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity compared to implementing separate specialized hardware for each operation type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements preliminary tile formation and data alignment stages that prepare data in advance for computation. By pre-organizing data into tile structures and aligning them before matrix operations, the system reduces the complexity of the actual computation stages and improves overall throughput through pipelined execution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP4020173B1Apparatuses, methods, and systems for instructions for loading a tile of a matrix operations accelerator
Publication Date: 2024.09.11 INTEL CORP
  • EP4020173B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4020173B1 patent drawingFigure 2(A)~2(C)
  • EP4020173B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Systems, methods, and apparatuses relating to one or more instructions for loading a tile of a matrix operations accelerator are described. In one embodiment, a system includes a matrix operations accelerator circuit comprising a two-dimensional grid of processing elements, a plurality of registers that represents a two-dimensional matrix coupled to the two-dimensional grid of processing elements, and a coupling to a cache; and a hardware processor core coupled to the matrix operations accelerator circuit and comprising a vector register, a decoder circuit to decode a single instruction into a decoded instruction, the single instruction including a first field that identifies the two-dimensional matrix, a second field that identifies a location in the cache, and a third field that identifies the vector register, and an opcode that indicates an execution circuit of the hardware processor core is to load elements into the plurality of registers that represents the two-dimensional matrix from the location in the cache by the coupling to the cache, and load one or more elements from the vector register into the plurality of registers that represents the two-dimensional matrix by a coupling of the hardware processor core to the matrix operations accelerator circuit that is separate from the coupling to the cache, and the execution circuit of the hardware processor core to execute the decoded instruction according to the opcode.