Matrix Sensor Spectral Unmixing for Laser Scanning Microscope Resolution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current laser scanning microscopes face limitations in detecting emission light from multiple fluorescent dyes due to spectral overlap and the high cost and complexity of existing detection systems, which restrict the number of pixels that can be used for oversampling and increase unit costs.

Innovation Solution

The method involves spectrally decomposing emission light using a dispersion device and detecting it with a matrix sensor, allowing for spectrally resolved detection and computational reversal of spectral separation for individual fluorescent dyes, enabling the measurement of point distribution functions for multiple dyes with improved resolution and sensitivity.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If fiber-based image conversion with GaAsP PMT array is used, then detection sensitivity is improved, but device cost and complexity increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection sensitivityVSAvoiddevice cost and complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses a camera-like matrix sensor to capture and digitally process light signals, creating a computational copy of the detection process rather than relying on expensive analog photomultiplier tubes. This allows standard imaging sensors to perform specialized detection functions through software processing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical/optical fiber-based image conversion system with a direct digital sensor approach. Instead of using complex fiber optic bundles and analog PMT arrays, the system uses a matrix sensor with computational algorithms to achieve the same detection functionality at lower cost and complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Measurement precision

If the number of pixels for oversampling is increased, then measurement precision is improved, but device cost increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoversampling precisionVSAvoiddevice cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent makes the matrix sensor serve multiple functions: it performs both the oversampling of the point spread function and the spectral detection of multiple fluorophores simultaneously. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate detection systems for each purpose

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the operational parameters of standard matrix sensors by using computational algorithms to process the raw data in novel ways. Through software-based point spread function deconvolution and spectral unmixing, the system achieves high precision without requiring specialized expensive hardware

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Adaptability or versatility

If spectral separation is applied to detect multiple dyes, then detection versatility is improved, but spectral overlap detection becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-dye detection capabilityVSAvoidspectral overlap resolution
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent adds the spatial dimension of pixel positioning to spectral detection. By analyzing both the wavelength information and the spatial distribution of light across the matrix sensor, the system can resolve spectral overlaps that would be indistinguishable in traditional spectral detection alone

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses computational algorithms that iteratively refine the separation of spectral components by comparing detected signals with reference spectra and adjusting the unmixing calculations. This feedback-based approach continuously improves the accuracy of multi-dye detection

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach allows for versatile detection of fluorescent dyes with spectral overlap, achieving high light efficiency and stable arrangements, while reducing unit costs and increasing the number of pixels that can be used for oversampling, thus enhancing the sensitivity and resolution of the system.

Implementation Method 1

emission light coming from a sample is spectrally dispersed by a dispersion device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDispersion: Dispersion (of waves)

Implementation Method 2

fluorescent light from at least one fluorescent dye

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFluorescence: Fluorescence

Data Source

PatentEP4189358B1Method for detecting emission light, detection device and laser scanning microscope
Publication Date: 2024.07.10 CARL ZEISS MICROSCOPY GMBH
  • EP4189358B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4189358B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2b
  • EP4189358B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for detecting emission light, in particular fluorescent light from at least one fluorescent dye, in a laser scanning microscope, wherein the emission light emanating from a sample is guided, by an imaging optical unit, onto a two-dimensional matrix sensor having a plurality of pixels and being located on an image plane, and a detection point distribution function is detected by the matrix sensor in a spatially oversampled manner. The method is characterized in that the emission light emanating from the sample is spectrally separated in a dispersion device, in particular in a dispersion direction; the spectrally separated emission light is detected by the matrix sensor in a spectrally resolved manner; and during the analysis of the intensities measured by the pixels of a pixel region, the spectral separation is cancelled at least for some of said pixels. Additional aspects of the invention relate to a detection device for the spectrally resolved detection of emission light in a laser scanning microscope and to a laser scanning microscope.