Medical Driver With Preloaded Mechanical Energy for Bone Drilling
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Solution Overview
Problem
Medical drills used for orthopedic and dental procedures often fail to provide effective access to the interior of bones, such as for intraosseous vascular access, and rely on electrical energy that may not be available in all situations.
Innovation Solution
A drilling device system that includes a driver with stored mechanical energy, capable of automatic rotation for efficient bone penetration, and a mechanism to ensure optimal force and torque application, allowing for intraosseous access without the need for continuous electrical power.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If electrical energy is used to power medical drills, then the drilling operation can be performed with consistent power supply, but the device becomes dependent on electrical power sources that may not be available in remote locales or after long storage periods
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-loading mechanical energy into the drilling device before use. The device stores energy in advance through wound springs or pre-charged mechanical components, enabling operation without external electrical power sources when needed in remote or emergency situations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the electrical power system with a mechanical energy storage and transmission system. Instead of using electric motors and power supplies, the device uses stored mechanical energy from springs, weights, or pre-loaded mechanisms to drive the drilling operation, eliminating dependence on electrical infrastructure.
2Adaptability or versatility
If manual drilling methods are used, then the device can operate without electrical power, but the drilling efficiency and penetration capability are insufficient for effective bone access
Solution Approach 1:
The device performs preliminary action by pre-storing mechanical energy in springs or other energy storage mechanisms before the drilling operation begins. This pre-loaded energy is then released during drilling to provide the high power and rotational force needed for efficient bone penetration, overcoming the limitations of purely manual methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs periodic action through oscillating or reciprocating drilling motion combined with rotational movement. This periodic motion pattern increases drilling efficiency by creating impact forces that facilitate bone penetration while maintaining control, achieving productivity levels comparable to powered drills without requiring electrical power.
3Productivity
If high force and torque are applied during drilling, then bone penetration efficiency is improved, but the device requires complex power transmission mechanisms that increase device complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies spheroidality by using a rotary drilling bit with curved cutting edges that rotate to create the drilling action. The rotational motion naturally generates the required torque and cutting force through the geometry of the bit itself, eliminating the need for complex gear trains or mechanical advantage mechanisms to amplify force.
Solution Approach 2:
The device incorporates mechanical vibration or oscillation into the drilling process, where vibrational motion is superimposed on the rotational movement. This vibration reduces friction and facilitates bone chip removal, allowing efficient penetration with lower peak forces and simpler transmission mechanisms compared to pure rotational drilling.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables efficient and reliable drilling into bones with optimized force and torque, facilitating intraosseous access and other medical procedures, including bone biopsy and dental applications, while operating independently of continuous electrical power sources.
Implementation Method 1
a biasing member disposed within the driver and configured to bias the drive shaft from a non-rotational state to a rotational state
Data Source
Figure 1
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AI summary
A medical driver comprises: a handle; a stop coupled to the handle; a drive shaft coupled to the handle so as to translate relative to the handle between a rotationally restricted state and a drilling state, the drive shaft being configured to couple with an access assembly for drilling into bone; a stopping surface coupled with the drive shaft; and a preloaded mechanical energy-storage device coupled to the drive shaft so as to provide a rotational bias to the drive shaft, wherein the stop and the stopping surface cooperate to oppose the rotational bias when the drive shaft is in the rotationally restricted state, and wherein translation of the drive shaft to the drilling state disengages the stop and the stopping surface from each other to permit the energy-storage device to automatically rotate the drive shaft relative to the handle.