Melilite Oxide Electrode Material for Low-Overpotential Fluoride Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing fluoride ion battery electrode active materials with metal-based structures face high overpotential and poor cycle performance due to significant volumetric changes during fluorination-defluorination reactions, limiting their rate capability.
Innovation Solution
A complex oxide with a melilite-type crystal structure is developed, incorporating specific metal and non-metal atoms, which facilitates a layered structure for intercalation and deintercalation of fluoride ions, reducing volumetric changes and enhancing cycle performance and rate capability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Use of energy by moving object
If metal-based electrode active materials are used in fluoride ion batteries, then the battery can achieve high energy density, but the overpotential increases and cycle performance deteriorates due to significant volumetric changes during fluorination-defluorination reactions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the crystal structure parameter from metal-based to melilite-type complex oxide structure, which fundamentally alters the volumetric expansion behavior during fluorination-defluorination reactions. This structural parameter change reduces overpotential and improves cycle performance while maintaining energy density
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs complex oxides with melilite-type crystal structures that combine multiple metal elements in specific ratios. This composite material approach creates a stable framework that accommodates volumetric changes better than pure metal-based materials, thereby improving cycle performance
2Power
If metal-based electrode active materials undergo fluorination-defluorination reactions, then charge-discharge capacity is achieved, but rate capability deteriorates due to significant volumetric changes
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the structural parameters of the electrode material by adopting a melilite-type crystal structure, which provides more stable volumetric characteristics during rapid charge-discharge cycles. This enables better rate capability while maintaining charge-discharge capacity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent performs preliminary structural optimization by selecting specific metal compositions and crystal structures before the battery operation begins. This pre-configuration ensures that the material is already optimized for rapid ion transport, improving rate capability from the outset
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The melilite-type complex oxide exhibits improved cycle performance and rate capability by minimizing overpotential through two-dimensional fluoride ion diffusion and increased capacity from anion redox reactions, enhancing the overall efficiency of fluoride ion batteries.
Implementation Method 1
two-dimensional fluoride ion diffusion
Implementation Method 2
anion redox reactions
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is an electrode active material for a fluoride ion battery. The electrode active material for a fluoride ion battery includes a complex oxide that comprises a melilite-type crystal structure. The complex oxide includes: a first metal atom that comprises at least one type selected from a first metal atom group; a second metal atom that comprises at least one type selected from a second metal atom group; a specific non-metal atom that comprises at least one type selected from a specific non-metal atom group; and at least an oxygen atom as the specific non-metal atom. The first metal atom group includes Li, Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Rb, Sr, Y, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Pm, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Bi. The second metal atom group includes Al, Si, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ga, Ge, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Sn, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Au. The specific non-metal atom group includes O, F, N, S, and Cl.