Membrane CO2 Capture System with Heat Exchanger and Particulate Filter
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional CO2 capture methods require large equipment footprints, are energy-intensive, and face challenges with thermal efficiency losses, solvent degradation, and corrosion, while being limited in handling large volumes of exhaust gas.
Innovation Solution
A CO2 capture system comprising a heat exchanger, particulate filter, and membrane modules, followed by adsorbent packed beds, which efficiently extract and concentrate CO2 from exhaust gas using a series of membrane modules and adsorbent beds, allowing for continuous operation and smaller equipment footprint.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional absorption and stripping methods are used to capture CO2, then CO2 separation is achieved, but large equipment footprints and high energy consumption are required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs membrane modules with thin film membranes to achieve CO2 separation. These membranes provide high separation efficiency in a compact form factor, eliminating the need for large absorber and stripper vessels required by conventional methods. The thin film structure enables effective CO2 capture while maintaining a small equipment footprint.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts the CO2 separation function from the complex multi-step absorption-stripping process and concentrates it into a single membrane-based separation step. This extraction of the core separation function allows for dramatically reduced equipment size while maintaining capture capacity.
2Quantity of substance
If conventional absorption methods are used to capture CO2, then CO2 separation is achieved, but high energy consumption for solvent regeneration is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the thermal field-based conventional absorption-stripping process with a membrane-based separation process that operates at ambient or near-ambient temperatures. This substitution eliminates the need for high-temperature solvent regeneration, dramatically reducing energy consumption while maintaining CO2 capture capacity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the operating parameters from high-temperature and high-pressure conditions required for conventional stripping to milder conditions suitable for membrane separation. This parameter change enables CO2 capture with significantly lower energy input, as the membrane process does not require thermal regeneration.
3Quantity of substance
If conventional absorption methods are used to capture CO2, then CO2 separation is achieved, but thermal efficiency losses occur due to cooling and heating requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the thermal field-based conventional absorption-stripping process with a membrane-based separation process that operates at ambient or near-ambient temperatures. This substitution eliminates the need for high-temperature solvent regeneration, dramatically reducing energy consumption while maintaining CO2 capture capacity.
4Quantity of substance
If conventional absorption methods are used to capture CO2, then CO2 separation is achieved, but solvent degradation and corrosion problems occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the chemical absorption process using reactive solvents with a physical membrane separation process. This substitution eliminates the chemical reactions between solvent and exhaust gas components that cause degradation and corrosion, thereby improving system reliability and reducing maintenance requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The membrane modules can be replaced more easily and frequently compared to large solvent handling systems. This approach allows for simpler replacement of consumable components, improving overall system reliability by eliminating the accumulation of degradation products and corrosion issues.
5Quantity of substance
If conventional absorption methods are used to capture CO2, then CO2 separation is achieved, but difficulty in handling liquids and solvent evaporation losses occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the liquid-phase absorption process with a gas-phase membrane separation process. This substitution eliminates the need to handle large volumes of liquid solvent, simplifying operational procedures and eliminating solvent evaporation losses while maintaining CO2 capture capacity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system enables efficient, continuous extraction of CO2 from large volumes of exhaust gas with reduced energy consumption and equipment size, achieving high CO2 concentration and purity while minimizing environmental impact.
Implementation Method 1
a heat exchanger configured to lower a temperature of the exhaust gas
Implementation Method 2
one or more membrane modules fluidly coupled to the particulate filter and configured to produce a membrane module permeate flow from the exhaust gas that contains a higher concentration of carbon dioxide
Implementation Method 3
one or more adsorbent packed beds fluidly coupled to the one or more membrane modules and configured to produce a substantially pure carbon dioxide from the membrane module permeate flow
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure provides a method and system for extracting carbon dioxide from an exhaust gas. The method includes lowering a temperature of an exhaust gas using a heat exchanger, lowering a concentration of a particulate matter within the lowered temperature exhaust gas, and passing the lowered particulate concentration and lowered temperature exhaust gas through one or more membrane modules to produce a membrane module permeate flow that contains a higher concentration of carbon dioxide compared to a concentration of carbon dioxide in the lowered particulate concentration and lowered temperature exhaust gas. Further, the system includes a heat exchanger fluidly coupled to a particulate filter that is configured to lower a concentration of the particulate matter within the exhaust gas, and one or more membrane modules fluidly coupled to the particulate filter and configured to produce the membrane module permeate flow.