Cell Membrane-Coated Nanoparticles for Reduced Immunogenicity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for delivering synthetic nanoparticle materials face challenges in mimicking the surface chemistry of biological cells, particularly in creating long-circulating delivery vehicles that avoid immunogenic responses.
Innovation Solution
Development of nanoparticles with an inner core of non-cellular material and an outer surface coated with a cellular membrane derived from cells or viruses, which maintains natural structural integrity and reduces immunogenicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Duration of action of moving object
If synthetic nanoparticle materials are used for delivery, then sustained systemic delivery and targeting capability are achieved, but immunogenic response and reduced circulation time occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines synthetic nanoparticle cores with biological cell membranes to create hybrid composite structures. The synthetic core provides sustained delivery and targeting, while the biological membrane coating reduces immunogenicity and extends circulation time by mimicking natural cellular surfaces that are tolerogenic to the immune system.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses cell membrane coating to copy the surface characteristics of natural biological cells. By transferring membrane proteins and lipids from donor cells to synthetic nanoparticle surfaces, the nanoparticles acquire biomimetic properties that enable them to evade immune detection and achieve prolonged circulation similar to natural cells.
2Reliability
If cell membrane coating is applied to nanoparticles, then immunogenicity is reduced and circulation is prolonged, but manufacturing complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs preliminary purification and preparation of cell membranes before coating nanoparticles. Donor cells are harvested, membranes are isolated and purified in advance, and then these pre-prepared membranes are used to coat multiple batches of nanoparticles, streamlining the overall manufacturing process while maintaining biocompatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent extracts only the essential cell membrane components (lipids and proteins) from donor cells, separating them from other cellular contents. This extraction process creates a simplified membrane preparation that can be efficiently applied to nanoparticle surfaces, reducing manufacturing complexity while preserving the immunomodulatory functions.
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are nanoparticles and methods of using and making thereof. The inventive nanoparticle comprises a) an inner core comprising a non-cellular material; and b) an outer surface comprising a cellular membrane derived from a cell or a membrane derived from a virus. Medicament delivery systems or pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inventive nanoparticles are also provided. Further provided are immunogenic compositions comprising the inventive nanoparticles, and methods of using the inventive immunogenic compositions for eliciting an immune response, and for treating or preventing diseases or condition, such as neoplasm or cancer, or disease or conditions associated with cell membrane inserting toxin. Vaccines comprising the immunogenic composition comprising the nanoparticles are also provided.