3D Memory Channel Layer Crystallization With Fewer Grain Boundaries

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Solution Overview

Problem

In three-dimensional nonvolatile memory devices, achieving a crystalline semiconductor channel layer with reduced electrical resistance and noise is challenging due to the inhibition of single crystallization by crystal nuclei and metal-assisted crystallization processes, which result in a high number of crystal grain boundaries.

Innovation Solution

Incorporating additives like carbon, nitrogen, or fluorine in the channel layer, particularly near the memory layer, to trap crystal nuclei and enhance the trapping effect, allowing for single crystallization through metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) or metal-induced crystallization (MIC) annealing treatments, thereby reducing crystal grain boundaries and improving electrical characteristics.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Speed

If metal-assisted crystallization process is used to form the channel layer, then the crystallization speed is improved, but the number of crystal grain boundaries increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecrystallization speedVSAvoidcrystal grain boundary count
Core Design Contradiction:
SpeedVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes metal catalysts from the crystallization process entirely, replacing them with a thermal annealing process that achieves single-crystal formation without introducing foreign metal particles that would create grain boundaries. This extraction of the metal-assisted mechanism eliminates the source of excessive grain boundaries while maintaining crystallization capability through controlled thermal treatment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the crystallization parameters by using high-temperature annealing (typically 400-600°C) in a controlled atmosphere without metal catalysts. This parameter change from metal-assisted to thermal-driven crystallization, combined with specific annealing time and temperature control, achieves single-crystal formation with minimal grain boundaries.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If single crystallization is achieved through conventional methods, then the electrical resistance is reduced, but the process complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrical resistanceVSAvoidcrystallization process complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs self-service mechanisms where the semiconductor layer itself undergoes spontaneous single-crystal transformation during standard annealing processes used for other purposes (such as stress relief or defect repair). The crystallization occurs as a natural consequence of the annealing treatment rather than requiring a separate, complex crystallization step, thereby reducing overall process complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent merges the crystallization function with existing annealing steps in the manufacturing process. By combining multiple objectives (stress relief, defect repair, and single-crystal formation) into a single annealing treatment, the process complexity is reduced while achieving the desired electrical characteristics through unified process integration.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The approach results in a channel layer with fewer crystal grain boundaries, reduced electrical resistance, and enhanced electrical characteristics of the memory cells, improving data storage performance.

Implementation Method 1

Incorporating additives like carbon, nitrogen, or fluorine in the channel layer, particularly near the memory layer, to trap crystal nuclei and enhance the trapping effect

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTrapping: Gettering

Implementation Method 2

allowing for single crystallization through metal-induced lateral crystallization (MILC) or metal-induced crystallization (MIC) annealing treatments

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMetal-induced lateral crystallization: Crystallisation

Implementation Method 3

MILC or metal-induced crystallization (MIC) annealing treatments

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAnnealing: Annealing

Data Source

PatentEP4456116A1Semiconductor storage device and method of manufacturing semiconductor storage device
Publication Date: 2024.10.30 KIOXIA CORP
  • EP4456116A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4456116A1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4456116A1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A semiconductor storage device (1) according to an embodiment includes a stacked body (LM) including a plurality of conductive layers (WL, SGD, SGS) and a plurality of insulating layers (OL) alternately stacked, and a plurality of pillars (PL) each including a core material (CR) extending in the stacked body (LM) in a first direction intersecting a face of each of the plurality of conductive layers (WL, SGD, SGS), a semiconductor layer (CN) covering a side face of the core material (CR), and a multi-layered insulating layer (ME) stacked on a side face of the semiconductor layer (CN), the semiconductor layer (CN) being crystalline, the multi-layered insulating layer (ME) including a charge storage layer (CT), wherein each of the semiconductor layers (CN) includes a crystal structure in which the appearance number of crystal grain boundaries per 1 µm in the first direction is less than 2 near to at least a first end in the first direction, and an additive that includes one or more of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and fluorine.