Memory Protection Mechanism for NOP Sled Defense

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing systems are vulnerable to NOP sled attacks, which allow unauthorized access to restricted memory regions by manipulating the CPU's instruction execution flow, posing a security risk.

Innovation Solution

Implementing a mechanism that detects read requests to restricted memory regions and responds with a data value that causes an exception when executed, preventing unauthorized access and execution slides.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If read requests to restricted memory regions are allowed, then ease of operation is improved, but security reliability deteriorates due to NOP sled attacks

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvememory accessVSAvoidsecurity
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary anti-action by proactively detecting read requests to restricted memory regions before unauthorized code execution can occur. The memory protection logic identifies suspicious access patterns and prevents NOP sled attacks by blocking access to protected regions, thereby countering potential security threats before they can compromise system reliability while maintaining legitimate memory access operations

Inventive Principle:
Principle #9Preliminary anti-action

2Reliability

If memory protection logic is implemented, then security reliability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesecurityVSAvoidmemory protection logic
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing memory into distinct protected and unprotected regions, allowing selective application of protection mechanisms. The memory protection logic operates independently on specific memory segments, enabling security enforcement without requiring system-wide complexity increases. This modular approach confines the protection logic to only where needed, maintaining overall device simplicity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces memory protection logic as an intermediary layer between the processor and memory regions. This mediator component intercepts and evaluates read requests, determining whether to grant or deny access based on protection status. By positioning this intermediary at the memory interface level, the system achieves enhanced security without significantly complicating the core processor architecture

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If read requests are monitored and blocked, then security reliability is improved, but productivity decreases due to access restrictions

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesecurityVSAvoidmemory access speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by pre-configuring memory regions with protection attributes before execution occurs. The memory protection logic has advance knowledge of which regions are protected, allowing it to make immediate allow/deny decisions without requiring complex runtime analysis. This pre-establishment of protection rules enables rapid access decisions that minimize impact on memory access performance while maintaining security

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP3782066B1NOP sled defense
Publication Date: 2022.09.28 MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC
  • EP3782066B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3782066B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3782066B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The disclosed technology is generally directed to protection against unauthorized code. In one example of the technology, a read request to a restricted region of memory is detected. The read request is associated with a first processor. In response to detecting the read request to the restricted region of memory, a data value that causes an exception in response to execution by the first processor is provided.