Non-Volatile Memory Reading Circuit Without Reference Element

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing solutions for reading data from non-volatile memory devices are not compatible with the requirements of size reduction and increased electrical performance, particularly in terms of reading speed and reduced access time and consumption, as dictated by technological advancements.

Innovation Solution

A reading circuit that eliminates the need for a reference circuit element by utilizing a hierarchical column decoding system with local and global decoding levels, where the comparison between bitlines allows for charge division between parasitic capacitances associated with local and global bitlines to determine the stored data, generating a digital output signal without requiring a reference current or memory cell.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a reference circuit element is used for reading memory cells, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity and area occupation increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereading accuracyVSAvoidcircuit complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the reference circuit element from the memory reading system entirely. Instead of using a separate reference cell or current generator, the invention uses the bitline itself as the reference by comparing the selected bitline voltage against an unselected bitline voltage, thereby eliminating the need for dedicated reference circuitry while maintaining reading functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The bitline serves multiple functions: it acts as both the signal carrying path for memory cell data and simultaneously as the reference for comparison. The unselected bitline, which would traditionally be idle or require separate reference circuitry, is repurposed as a voltage reference, making the system more efficient and reducing overall circuit complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Measurement precision

If a reference circuit element is used for reading memory cells, then measurement precision is improved, but area occupation increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereading accuracyVSAvoiddevice area
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSArea of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The reference circuit element is extracted and removed from the system. The comparison function is achieved using existing bitline structures, eliminating the need for additional reference cells, current generators, or associated circuitry that would occupy valuable chip area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The reference function is merged with the existing bitline structure. Rather than having separate reference and signal paths, the invention combines these functions by using the bitline voltage itself as the reference, thereby eliminating redundant circuitry and reducing device area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Reliability

If conventional reading circuit is used, then reading operation is reliable, but reading speed and access time are reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereading reliabilityVSAvoidreading speed
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSSpeed

Solution Approach 1:

The bitline is pre-charged to a reference voltage level before the actual reading operation begins. This preliminary charging action ensures that when the memory cell is accessed, the voltage comparison can occur immediately without waiting for reference circuitry to establish its state, thereby accelerating the reading process while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

4Reliability

If conventional reading circuit is used, then reading operation is reliable, but electrical consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvereading reliabilityVSAvoidelectrical consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The reference current generator and associated power supply circuitry are removed from the system. By using the bitline voltage directly as the reference without requiring active reference current generation, the invention significantly reduces electrical consumption while maintaining reading reliability through voltage comparison.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in a non-volatile memory device with improved electrical performance, reduced area occupation, and increased reading speed, allowing for efficient data reading with lower electrical consumption and smaller dimensions, without the need for reference elements.

Implementation Method 1

the comparison between bitlines allows for charge division between parasitic capacitances associated with local and global bitlines to determine the stored data

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCharge division: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP3217405B1Circuit and method for reading a memory cell of a non-volatile memory device
Publication Date: 2019.05.22 STMICROELECTRONICS SRL
  • EP3217405B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3217405B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP3217405B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6A

AI summary

A circuit (20) for reading a memory cell (3) of a nonvolatile memory device (1) provided with a memory array (2) with cells arranged in wordlines and bitlines, among which a first bitline (BL), associated to the memory cell, and a second bitline (BL'), has: a first circuit branch (22) associated to the first bitline and a second circuit branch (22') associated to the second bitline, each with a local node (N1, N1'), coupled to which is a first dividing capacitor (30), and a global node (Ng, Ng'), coupled to which is a second dividing capacitor (32); a decoder stage (23, 25) for coupling the local node to the first or second bitlines and coupling the global node to the local node; and a differential comparator stage (36), which has inputs that are coupleable to the global node of the first circuit branch or second circuit branch, and supplies an output signal (Sout) indicative of the datum stored; a coupling stage (40, 41), for coupling the global nodes of the first and second circuit branches; and a control unit (21) for controlling the decoder stage, the coupling stage, and the differential comparator stage for generation of the output signal.