Distributed Ledger Networks with Merkle-Tree Storage for Secure Scaling

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional blockchain systems face inefficiencies in processing and storage demands, lack scalability, flexibility, and are susceptible to security vulnerabilities, limiting their use to a small population of users and exposing digital assets to malicious attacks.

Innovation Solution

A scalable, secure, and adaptable distributed digital ledger transaction network utilizing a Byzantine-fault-tolerant consensus protocol, a new programming language with linear data types and static-dynamic reference safety analysis, flexible storage and account management, and smart contracts to enhance transaction execution and consensus processes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional blockchain systems maintain duplicate databases across replicated servers, then security and decentralization are improved, but storage and processing demands increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:

ImprovesecurityVSAvoidstorage demands

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the full duplicate database from each validator node and replaces it with only the necessary cryptographic hashes and Merkle trees. This allows nodes to verify transaction integrity without storing complete transaction histories, dramatically reducing storage requirements while maintaining security through cryptographic proof mechanisms.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of copying entire databases across all nodes, the system copies only essential verification data (hashes, Merkle roots, and consensus state). This selective copying approach maintains data integrity and security while minimizing storage overhead on each node.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #26Copying

2Measurement precision

If conventional blockchain systems sequentially analyze transactions across validator nodes, then consensus accuracy is improved, but transaction throughput decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveconsensus accuracyVSAvoidtransaction throughput

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the transaction validation process into parallel phases: transaction pool validation, block creation, consensus voting, and finalization. Multiple validator nodes can simultaneously work on different segments of the validation process, maintaining consensus accuracy through structured phases while dramatically improving throughput through parallel execution.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system performs preliminary validation of transactions in the pool before they are included in blocks. Validators pre-verify transaction signatures, account balances, and protocol compliance before consensus begins, allowing the main consensus process to focus only on agreeing on already-validated transactions, thus improving both accuracy and speed.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

3Ease of operation

If conventional blockchain systems provide unrestricted digital asset access to user accounts, then flexibility and ease of operation are improved, but security vulnerabilities increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveaccess flexibilityVSAvoidsecurity vulnerabilities

Core Design Contradiction:

Ease of operationVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements multi-signature wallets and hierarchical deterministic (HD) key structures where different portions of access control are distributed across multiple keys or hierarchical levels. This allows flexible access patterns (e.g., 2-of-3 signatures, time-locked access) while maintaining security through cryptographic thresholds, so that no single key has unrestricted access.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #3Local quality

4Adaptability or versatility

If conventional blockchain systems perform reference safety analysis on source code while programs execute at machine code level, then adaptability is improved, but measurement precision of security issues decreases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveprogram flexibilityVSAvoidreference safety analysis accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs static analysis and type checking of smart contract code during the compilation phase, before deployment to the blockchain. This preliminary security verification identifies reference safety issues, buffer overflows, and logical vulnerabilities in high-level code, maintaining adaptability through compiler optimizations while improving measurement precision through comprehensive pre-deployment analysis.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentUS20250315408A1Scalable, secure, efficient, and adaptable distributed digital ledger transaction network

Publication Date: 2025.10.09 CIRCLE INTERNET FINANCIAL LLC

AI summary

The present disclosure relates to systems, methods, and non-transitory computer readable storage media for implementing a scalable, secure, efficient, and adaptable distributed digital ledger transaction network. Indeed, the disclosed systems can reduce storage and processing requirements, improve security of implementing computing devices and underlying digital assets, accommodate a wide variety of different digital programs (or “smart contracts”), and scale to accommodate billions of users and associated digital transactions. For example, the disclosed systems can utilize a host of features that improve storage, account/address management, digital transaction execution, consensus, and synchronization processes. The disclosed systems can also utilize a new programming language that improves efficiency and security of the distributed digital ledger transaction network.