Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Hemostatic Dressing
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current hemostatic agents are inadequate in controlling excessive bleeding, particularly in arterial bleeding and coagulopathic patients, and often cause side effects such as tissue inflammation and bacterial infections, with limited effectiveness in high-pressure arterial blood flow and variable efficacy under fluid administration.
Innovation Solution
Mesoporous bioactive glasses containing silicon dioxide, calcium oxide, phosphorous pentoxide, and metal ions like gallium, zinc, tantalum, or strontium are used to induce hemostasis by accelerating blood coagulation and exhibiting antibacterial properties, with a composition that includes these components in specific molecular percentages to enhance surface area and ion release for effective clot formation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If first-generation hemostats (QuikClot zeolite powder) are used to achieve rapid hemostasis, then bleeding control is improved, but tissue burning and thermal injuries occur due to highly exothermic reaction
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the thermal parameter of the hemostatic agent by replacing zeolite with calcium sulfate hemihydrate, which has fundamentally different thermal properties. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate does not exhibit the highly exothermic reaction of zeolite, thereby eliminating tissue burning while maintaining hemostatic effectiveness through alternative mechanisms such as calcium ion release and physical absorption.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a disposable, single-use hemostatic dressing that is applied directly to the wound and discarded after use. This approach ensures that the material contacts blood only once, preventing repeated thermal exposure to surrounding tissues while maintaining effective hemostasis during the critical initial period.
2Reliability
If first-generation hemostats (QuikClot zeolite powder) are used to achieve rapid hemostasis, then bleeding control is improved, but abnormal foreign-body reaction occurs due to poor biodegradability
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the biodegradability parameter by selecting calcium sulfate hemihydrate as the base material. This material is inherently biodegradable and can be metabolized by the body into calcium sulfate and water, which are naturally present in physiological environments. This eliminates the persistent foreign-body reaction associated with non-biodegradable zeolite while preserving hemostatic function.
Solution Approach 2:
The hemostatic dressing is designed to be self-dissolving and self-absorbing. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate gradually decomposes in the presence of moisture and body fluids, releasing calcium ions that promote coagulation while the material itself is gradually absorbed and eliminated by the body, eliminating the need for surgical removal and reducing foreign-body persistence.
3Reliability
If second-generation hemostats (QuickClot Combat Gauze kaolin-incorporating gauze) are used to control hemorrhage, then survival rates are improved, but immediate hemostasis is not provided under high-pressure arterial blood flow
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite hemostatic dressing combining calcium sulfate hemihydrate particles with a biodegradable polymer matrix. This composite structure provides both rapid physical absorption of blood through the porous network and sustained calcium ion release to accelerate coagulation, achieving immediate hemostasis even under high-pressure arterial flow conditions while maintaining biocompatibility.
Solution Approach 2:
The hemostatic dressing employs a highly porous structure with controlled pore sizes that facilitate rapid blood absorption and capillary action. The porous network allows quick uptake of arterial blood while providing a large surface area for calcium ion release and coagulation factor activation, achieving immediate hemostatic effect under high-pressure conditions.
4Reliability
If second-generation hemostats (WoundStat clay mineral powder) are used to control bleeding, then hemostasis is achieved, but toxicity and tissue inflammation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a disposable hemostatic dressing made of biodegradable materials that are eliminated by the body after serving their hemostatic function. This avoids the persistent presence of clay minerals that cause chronic inflammation and toxicity, while still providing effective acute hemostasis during the critical initial period through calcium ion release and physical absorption.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The mesoporous bioactive glasses significantly reduce bleeding time, enhance blood coagulation, and demonstrate potent antibacterial activity, providing a more reliable and safer hemostatic solution compared to existing agents, with improved performance in coagulopathic patients and under high-pressure conditions.
Implementation Method 1
the present disclosure relates to a method for inducing hemostasis in a subject in need thereof, the method comprising contacting blood with a hemostatically effective amount of a composition comprising a mesopourous bioactive glass (MBG)
Implementation Method 2
the MBG comprises: (i) silicon dioxide; (ii) calcium oxide; (iii) phosphorous pentoxide; and (iv) a metal ion having antibiotic activity which is gallium, tantalum, zinc, germanium or strontium
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to mesoporous glasses as well as uses of such glasses, for example, as hemostats.