Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Textile Coating Without Thermal Curing

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for depositing metal oxide nanoparticles onto textiles, such as ZnO, MgO, and CuO, require additional binding agents, high energy radiation, and thermal curing, which are inefficient and costly, and do not achieve uniform impregnation or small particle sizes effectively.

Innovation Solution

A sonochemical method involving a water-ethanol solution with added metal acetate, adjusted pH, ultrasonic irradiation, and purging with argon to impregnate textiles with metal oxide nanoparticles, ensuring homogeneous distribution and small particle sizes.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If high energy radiation and thermal curing are used to deposit metal oxide nanoparticles, then antimicrobial activity is achieved, but process complexity and energy consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveantimicrobial activityVSAvoidprocess complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces high energy radiation (electromagnetic field) and thermal curing (thermal field) with ultrasonic irradiation (acoustic field) to deposit metal oxide nanoparticles. The ultrasonic waves generate cavitation bubbles that collapse on the fabric surface, mechanically impacting and embedding the nanoparticles without requiring complex radiation equipment or thermal curing steps.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and eliminates the binding agent component from the deposition system. By using ultrasonic cavitation to directly embed nanoparticles into the fabric structure, the method achieves stable nanoparticle attachment without requiring additional binding agents, thereby simplifying the process and reducing chemical usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

2Manufacturing precision

If binding agents and dispersing agents are added to achieve uniform nanoparticle distribution, then coating uniformity improves, but additional processing stages and chemical usage increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating uniformityVSAvoidprocessing efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs ultrasonic cavitation to create self-dispersing conditions where the mechanical energy from collapsing bubbles automatically distributes nanoparticles uniformly throughout the solution and onto the fabric surface. This self-dispersion mechanism eliminates the need for separate dispersing agent addition and mixing stages, allowing the system to achieve uniform coating through the inherent physics of the ultrasonic process.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Stability of the object's composition

If thermal curing is applied to fix nanoparticles, then nanoparticle stability improves, but energy consumption and processing time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenanoparticle stabilityVSAvoidenergy consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSUse of energy by stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces thermal curing (thermal field) with ultrasonic irradiation (acoustic field) as the fixation mechanism. The ultrasonic waves generate cavitation bubbles that collapse with sufficient mechanical force to embed nanoparticles directly into the fabric matrix, achieving stable attachment through mechanical impact rather than thermal bonding, thereby eliminating the need for high energy thermal processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

4Area of stationary object

If large particle size metal oxide is used, then coating coverage is improved, but antimicrobial effectiveness decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoating coverageVSAvoidantimicrobial effectiveness
Core Design Contradiction:
Area of stationary objectVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent utilizes the phase transition of the solvent (water-ethanol mixture) during ultrasonic cavitation. The rapid formation and collapse of cavitation bubbles create localized extreme conditions that facilitate the in-situ formation and deposition of nanoparticles directly on the fabric surface, ensuring small particle size while achieving uniform coverage through the widespread distribution of cavitation events throughout the treated area.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #36Phase transitions

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method achieves a 98% reduction in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with nanoparticles remaining stable after 50 washing cycles, and enhances antibiotic sensitivity, demonstrating superior antimicrobial activity and stability.

Implementation Method 1

irradiating said mixture with a high intensity ultrasonic power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic cavitation: Cavitation

Implementation Method 2

irradiating said mixture with a high intensity ultrasonic power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUltrasonic vibration: Ultrasonic Vibration

Implementation Method 3

adding M(Ac) 2 to said solution, forming a mixture

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHydrolysis: Hydrolysis

Implementation Method 4

adjusting the pH of said mixture to basic pH by means of addition of aqueous ammonia

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPrecipitation: Precipitation

Implementation Method 5

purging said mixture to remove traces of CO 2 /air

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas purging: Sparging

Data Source

PatentEP2294260B1Sonochemical coating of textiles with metal oxide nanoparticles for antimicrobial fabrics
Publication Date: 2016.11.02 BAR ILAN UNIV
  • EP2294260B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2294260B1 patent drawingFigure 2a~2c
  • EP2294260B1 patent drawingFigure 3a~3b

AI summary

We disclose a system for preparing antimicrobial fabrics, coated with metal oxide nanoparticles by means of a novel sonochemical method. These antibacterial fabrics are widely used for production of outdoor clothes, under-wear, bed-linen, bandages, etc. The deposition of metal oxides known to possess antimicrobial activity, namely ZnO, MgO and CuO, can significantly extent the applications of textile fabrics and prolong the period of their use. By means of the novel sonochemical method disclosed here, uniform deposition of metal oxide nanoparticles is achieved simply.