Metal Phosphorothioate Cathodes for High-Capacity Metal-Sulfur Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional lithium-ion batteries face limitations in capacity, lifespan, and manufacturing cost, necessitating improvements for enhanced performance and cost-effectiveness.
Innovation Solution
Development of metal phosphorothioates with specific formulations of cP2S5-dM2Sz and mP2S5-nM2Sx complexes, where M is lithium or sodium, used in a metal-sulfur battery configuration with a passivated anode and electrolyte, facilitating improved electrochemical performance and stability.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If conventional lithium-ion batteries are used, then manufacturing cost is reduced and ease of manufacture is improved, but capacity and lifespan are limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by using metal phosphorothioates (cP2S5-dM2Sz) instead of conventional lithium-ion materials, and adjusts the P2S5 to M2Sz ratio (c:d) to optimize battery capacity while maintaining manufacturability through controlled synthesis parameters
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite material structures including metal phosphorothioate complexes combined with conductive carbon black and binding agents in the cathode, and passivation layers on the anode, creating multi-component systems that enhance capacity while managing manufacturing complexity through standardized composite preparation methods
2Duration of action of stationary object
If conventional lithium-ion batteries are used, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but lifespan is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary passivation treatment to the metal anode using aP2S5-bM2Sy complex before battery assembly, which prevents degradation and extends lifespan by protecting the anode from harmful reactions during cycling, while the passivation process is integrated into the manufacturing workflow to control costs
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates protective passivation layers on the anode surface beforehand to cushion against degradation mechanisms during battery operation, extending lifespan by preventing direct exposure of the metal anode to electrolyte decomposition products and polysulfide shuttling
3Use of energy by moving object
If metal phosphorothioates are used in metal-sulfur batteries, then electrochemical performance and energy density are improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by using metal phosphorothioates specifically in the cathode and passivation layers where they provide maximum electrochemical benefit, while maintaining simpler structures in other components, thus improving energy density without proportionally increasing overall device complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The metal phosphorothioate complexes serve multiple functions: they act as the active cathode material for high energy density, provide structural stability during cycling, and when used in passivation layers, protect the anode. This multi-functionality improves energy density while avoiding proportional increases in device complexity
4Quantity of substance
If conventional lithium-ion batteries are used, then manufacturing cost is reduced, but capacity is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the electrochemical parameters by using metal phosphorothioates with adjustable P2S5 to M2Sz ratios (c:d), which modifies the redox potential and capacity characteristics, achieving higher battery capacity while the controlled synthesis ensures reproducible performance stability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses composite cathode materials combining metal phosphorothioates with conductive carbon black and binding agents, which enhances both capacity and performance stability by improving electronic conductivity and structural integrity during electrochemical cycling
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The metal-sulfur battery exhibits superior electrochemical performance with high initial capacity, long-term retention, and reduced energy costs, offering enhanced energy density and stability, addressing the limitations of conventional lithium-ion batteries.
Implementation Method 1
mixing a stoichiometric ratio of metal sulfide (M2S), phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5) and sulfur (S) powder in an organic solvent
Implementation Method 2
combining the metal polysulfide (M2Sy) with the phosphorous pentasulfide (P2S5) to form the cP2S5-dM2Sz complex
Implementation Method 3
the metal is passivated using an anode passivation solution comprising an aP2S5-bM2Sy complex
Implementation Method 4
an electrolyte in contact with the cathode and the anode
Data Source
AI summary
The disclosure relates to metal phosphorothioates, batteries comprising metal phosphorothioate, cells comprising metal phosphorothioate, and methods of making thereof.