Metal-Water Electrochemical Cell With Natural Electrolyte Circulation

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing power generation techniques for underwater and water-activated devices, such as sub-sea sensors, are inefficient due to the need for oxygen in fossil fuel combustion, high pressure vessels for lithium ion devices, and parasitic losses from pumping devices in metal or water fuel cells, which increase costs and reduce energy output.

Innovation Solution

A metal-water electrochemical cell with a porous or prismatic media that allows aqueous electrolyte to flow naturally through the cell without pumping, using potassium hydroxide and controlled inlets and outlets to maintain electrolyte levels and release hydrogen, eliminating the need for pumping devices and reducing component count.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Use of energy by moving object

If pumping devices are used to circulate electrolyte in metal-water fuel cells, then electrolyte circulation is achieved, but parasitic power loss increases and output power decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoutput powerVSAvoidparasitic power loss
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent removes the pumping device from the fuel cell system entirely. The electrolyte circulation function is extracted from the mechanical pumping system and replaced by natural convection currents generated by temperature differences within the cell, eliminating the parasitic power loss associated with mechanical pumping while maintaining electrolyte circulation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The fuel cell system performs self-circulation of electrolyte through natural convection. The exothermic reactions within the cell create temperature gradients that drive fluid circulation without external mechanical assistance, allowing the system to serve its own electrolyte circulation needs without consuming additional power.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

2Reliability

If pumping devices and valves are used to maintain electrolyte level, then electrolyte level control is achieved, but device complexity increases and reliability decreases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecell performanceVSAvoidnumber of components
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent eliminates pumping devices and valves from the electrolyte level control system. Instead of using mechanical components to actively manage electrolyte levels, the design relies on passive gravitational drainage and natural convection to maintain appropriate electrolyte levels, significantly reducing component count and potential failure points.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The electrolyte level control is achieved through self-regulating passive mechanisms. The system uses gravity-driven drainage and natural convection patterns to automatically maintain electrolyte levels without requiring active control systems, pumps, or valves, thereby improving reliability through simplicity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Adaptability or versatility

If pressure vessels are used for lithium ion devices to operate at depth, then operational capability at various depth levels is achieved, but device weight and complexity increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedepth operation capabilityVSAvoiddevice weight
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSWeight of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The metal-water fuel cell system is inherently adapted to underwater operation without requiring external pressure vessels. The cell chemistry and construction are designed to function directly in the underwater environment, using the surrounding water as both coolant and operational medium, thereby eliminating the need for additional pressure-containing structures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This solution reduces costs and improves reliability by eliminating the need for pumping devices and valves, enabling efficient power generation for underwater devices without parasitic losses, and allowing for more efficient deployment of sensor devices.

Implementation Method 1

The electrolyte flows by at least one of natural convection, molecular diffusion, a temperature gradient, and a phase gradient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectNatural convection: Free Convection

Implementation Method 2

The electrolyte flows by at least one of natural convection, molecular diffusion, a temperature gradient, and a phase gradient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectMolecular diffusion: Diffusion

Implementation Method 3

The electrolyte flows by at least one of natural convection, molecular diffusion, a temperature gradient, and a phase gradient

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectTemperature gradient: Temperature Gradient

Implementation Method 4

a porous or prismatic media in fluidic contact with the defined pathway and positioned within the enclosure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPorous material flow: Porosity

Data Source

PatentEP3485066B1Pumpless electrochemical cell
Publication Date: 2023.10.18 L3HARRIS OPEN WATER POWER INC
  • EP3485066B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3485066B1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP3485066B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

An electrochemical cell and a method of operating the same. In accordance with various embodiments, the cell includes an anode, one or more cathodes opposite the anode defining a pathway there between. Chemical reactions allow the electrolyte to flow through the defined pathway without requiring a pumping device.