Method for constructing porous micro-nano structure, and material with porous micro-nano structure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for preparing porous micro-nano structures for superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces are complex, costly, and result in coatings with insufficient mechanical stability, making them prone to damage during scratching and bending.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the mixing of glass and metal powders, followed by a film-forming treatment and surface modification using acid etching, alkali etching, or anodic oxidation to create a porous micro-nano structure coating with enhanced mechanical stability and adjustable hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If template method, etching method, sol-gel method, vapor deposition method, or layer-by-layer self-assembly method is used to prepare rough micro-nano structure, then superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces can be obtained, but the process becomes complicated, device requirements increase, energy consumption and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite coating system comprising a base coat and a porous top coat, where the top coat is formed from a sol-gel derived composition containing metal oxides. This composite structure achieves the desired micro-nano roughness for superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic properties while using a relatively simple two-step process (base coat application followed by top coat sol-gel treatment), avoiding the complexity of multiple specialized methods.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent controls the formation of micro-nano structures by adjusting sol-gel process parameters such as hydrolysis conditions, drying temperature, and metal oxide composition. By changing these parameters, the desired porous structure is achieved without requiring complex equipment or multi-step procedures, thus resolving the contradiction between performance and process complexity.
2Reliability
If template method, etching method, sol-gel method, vapor deposition method, or layer-by-layer self-assembly method is used to prepare rough micro-nano structure, then superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces can be obtained, but energy consumption and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent optimizes the sol-gel processing parameters including lower drying temperatures and controlled hydrolysis conditions to reduce energy consumption while still achieving the necessary micro-nano porous structure for superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic properties, thus resolving the contradiction between performance and energy efficiency.
3Reliability
If rough micro-nano structure is prepared by existing methods, then superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic surfaces can be obtained, but mechanical stability is insufficient and surfaces are easily destroyed during scratching and bending
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite structure where a porous top coat containing metal oxides is applied over a base coat. This composite architecture provides both the micro-nano roughness needed for superhydrophobic and superhydrophilic properties and enhanced mechanical stability, as the base coat provides structural support while the top coat provides the functional surface properties.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses a porous sol-gel derived top coat that forms a mechanically robust porous network structure. This porous structure maintains the micro-nano features necessary for surface energy control while the interconnected network provides mechanical integrity and resistance to scratching and bending, resolving the contradiction between surface functionality and mechanical stability.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method enables the production of coatings with strong adhesion, excellent mechanical stability, and wear resistance, allowing for superhydrophilic or superhydrophobic performance, suitable for applications like anti-icing, self-cleaning, and oil-water separation, while being cost-effective and suitable for large-scale production.
Implementation Method 1
conducting a film-forming treatment to form a coating on the surface of the substrate, wherein a temperature of the film-forming treatment and a melting point of the glass powders comply with the following formula: Tforming≥Tglass−50° C.
Implementation Method 2
The film-forming treatment is any one of heating, sintering, and laser cladding
Implementation Method 3
a method for constructing the surface structure comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of acid etching treatment, alkali etching treatment, and anodic oxidation treatment
Implementation Method 4
a method for constructing the surface structure comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of acid etching treatment, alkali etching treatment, and anodic oxidation treatment
Implementation Method 5
a method for constructing the surface structure comprises one or more selected from the group consisting of acid etching treatment, alkali etching treatment, and anodic oxidation treatment
Data Source
AI summary
A method for constructing a porous micro-nano structure, includes: thoroughly mixing glass powders and metal powders to obtain a mixture; coating the mixture on a surface of a substrate, and forming a coating on the surface, wherein a temperature of forming the coating and a melting point of the glass powders comply with the following formula: Tforming≥Tglass−50° C.; and constructing a surface structure of the coating to obtain a porous micro-nano structure coating on the surface, such that a material with a porous micro-nano structure is obtained. The method is simple and has a low cost. The porous micro-nano structure coating prepared has excellent mechanical stability.