Mg Anode Material for Fluoride-Ion Batteries Without Voltage Drop
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Solution Overview
Problem
In fluoride ion batteries, the use of certain metal materials in the solid electrolyte layer or anode current collector prevents short circuits but leads to a decrease in operating voltage due to the shift in reaction potential of the anode active material.
Innovation Solution
An anode material comprising a Mg material and a fluoride ion conductive material containing at least one metal element excluding Mg, is used to prevent the decrease in operating voltage while inhibiting short circuit occurrence.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If metal materials including Pb, Sn, In, Bi, and Sb are used in the solid electrolyte layer or anode current collector, then occurrence of short circuit is prevented, but operating potential of battery decreases due to shift in reaction potential of anode active material
Solution Approach 1:
A fluoride ion conductive material is introduced as an intermediary layer between the anode active material and the solid electrolyte layer/anode current collector. This intermediary layer prevents direct contact between the anode active material and the metal materials (Pb, Sn, In, Bi, Sb) used in the solid electrolyte layer or current collector, thereby preventing short circuit while avoiding the negative effect of these metal materials on the reaction potential. The fluoride ion conductive material allows fluoride ion transport while electrically isolating the anode active material from the metal materials.
2Device complexity
If anode active material is self-formed from solid electrolyte utilizing defluorination reaction, then battery structure is simplified, but operating voltage decreases due to noble potential shift
Solution Approach 1:
The fluoride ion conductive material serves as a mediator that decouples the structural simplification benefit from the voltage degradation problem. By placing this intermediate layer, the battery can still utilize the self-formed anode active material approach (maintaining structural simplicity) while preventing the direct interaction that causes the noble potential shift and voltage decrease.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The proposed anode material effectively maintains the operating voltage of fluoride ion batteries while preventing short circuits, by minimizing the shift in reaction potential and ensuring stable battery performance.
Implementation Method 1
a fluoride ion conductive material containing at least one kind of metal element excluding a Mg element, and a F element
Implementation Method 2
anode material comprising a Mg material containing a Mg element, and a fluoride ion conductive material containing at least one kind of metal element excluding a Mg element, and a F element
Data Source
AI summary
A main object of the present disclosure is to provide an anode material that is used in a fluoride ion battery of a car and can prevent the decrease in operating voltage while inhibiting occurrence of short circuit. The present disclosure achieves the object by providing a car including a fluoride ion battery, wherein the fluoride ion battery comprises a cathode layer, an anode layer, and a solid electrolyte layer formed between the cathode layer and the anode layer. The anode layer contains an anode material comprising a Mg metal powder and a fluoride ion conductive material comprised of Ca1-xBaxF2 in which x satisfies 0.5≤x≤0.60.