Michael-Addition Hybrid Adhesive for Fast Stable Chemical Anchoring
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current chemical fixing technologies face challenges in combining rapid low-temperature hardening with high pull-out values, as existing hybrid systems are either not storage-stable or pose health risks, and previous solutions like dual-hardening binders with peresters and amines react too quickly, while Michael addition and enamine reactions have too short gel times for practical use.
Innovation Solution
A hybrid system comprising reaction resins based on α,β-unsaturated compounds, compounds with CH-acidic methylene groups, and primary amines, which can undergo Michael addition, aza-Michael addition, and enamine reactions, allowing for a multi-component form that is stable and safe, with a catalyst to control the reactions, enabling rapid hardening and high bond strength.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Speed
If dual-hardening binders with peresters and amines are used, then rapid low-temperature hardening is achieved, but storage stability deteriorates due to rapid reaction between peresters and amines
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the problematic perester component from the dual-hardening system and replaces it with a peroxide component that does not react with amines during storage. This separation eliminates the harmful interaction while preserving the rapid hardening capability through free-radical polymerisation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary substance (peroxide) that mediates between the amine hardener and the resin system. This intermediary enables rapid hardening through free-radical mechanism without directly reacting with the amine, thus maintaining storage stability while achieving the desired hardening performance.
2Strength
If enamine reaction systems are used, then crosslinked products are formed, but gel time becomes too short for practical use
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges two previously separate hardening mechanisms into a single hybrid system: free-radical polymerisation (from peroxide) and polyaddition (from amine). This combination allows the system to achieve both rapid initial setting and continued strength development, effectively managing gel time while maintaining crosslinking strength.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the reaction parameters by selecting specific peroxide and amine components that control the kinetics of each hardening mechanism. By adjusting these parameters, the system achieves an optimal balance between gel time and final strength, making the reaction practical for construction applications.
3Speed
If free-radical-polymerisable systems are used, then rapid low-temperature hardening is achieved, but pull-out values remain relatively low
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a composite hardening system that combines two different chemical mechanisms: free-radical polymerisation and polyaddition. This composite approach allows the system to exhibit both the rapid hardening characteristics of free-radical systems and the high strength development of polyaddition systems, achieving superior pull-out values.
4Force
If epoxy/amine-based systems are used, then significantly higher pull-out values are achieved, but hardening speed at low temperatures becomes much slower
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a staged hardening process where free-radical polymerisation provides rapid initial setting (first phase), followed by continued polyaddition reaction for strength development (second phase). This periodic action allows the system to deliver both fast initial hardening and high final strength, overcoming the limitations of single-mechanism systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The hybrid system achieves rapid low-temperature hardening with high pull-out values, stability at various temperatures, and safety, effectively combining the advantages of free-radical and polyaddition-hardening systems while avoiding health hazards, and can be used for anchoring in substrates like concrete.
Implementation Method 1
use is made of a hybrid system which includes the starting materials for a Michael addition (N- and/or C-Michael addition) and for an enamine reaction
Implementation Method 2
a composition based on vinyl polymers and amines which is hardenable by aza-Michael addition (N-Michael addition)
Implementation Method 3
DE 40 34 279 A1 describes an enamine reaction for the production of crosslinked products for use as coating
Data Source
AI summary
A hybrid system for use as an adhesive, coating or paint, wherein the hybrid system includes a) a reaction resin based on α,β-unsaturated compounds, b) a reaction resin based on compounds that include CH-acidic methylene groups, and c) a primary amine, and to related subject matter.