Multifunction Microfluidic Optrode for Precision Neural Circuit Modulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) remains a non-specific electrical therapy that fails to effectively address motor and cognitive symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases, with unpredictable side effects due to its lack of mechanistic understanding of structural and functional connectivity at the stimulation site and its effects on brain-wide networks.
Innovation Solution
Development of an integrated, all-in-one MRI-compatible neural implant device with optical, electrical, microfluidic, and wireless functionalities, utilizing nanofabrication and combining optogenetics with high-field magnetic resonance imaging, to provide unprecedented specificity in brain stimulation and data collection, allowing for precise modulation of neural activity and tailored stimulation parameters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Area of stationary object
If non-specific electrical stimulation is used in deep brain stimulation, then broad coverage of deep brain structures is achieved, but specificity of neural circuit modulation deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the neural stimulation approach by using multiple independently controllable electrode contacts that can be selectively activated. This allows specific neural circuits to be targeted while avoiding non-specific stimulation of surrounding structures, resolving the contradiction between coverage and specificity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements local quality by enabling different stimulation parameters (current amplitude, pulse width, frequency) to be applied to different electrode contacts simultaneously. This allows tailored modulation of specific neural pathways while maintaining broad anatomical coverage through the array configuration.
2Adaptability or versatility
If integrated multifunctional device is implemented, then precision and versatility are improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple functional components (electrode array, optical waveguides, microfluidic channels, imaging elements) into a single integrated probe. This consolidation achieves multifunctionality while managing complexity through unified design and shared structural elements, allowing simultaneous electrical stimulation, optical manipulation, fluid delivery, and imaging.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a universal platform that can perform multiple neural intervention functions through a single device. The integrated design allows the same probe structure to support diverse functionalities including electrical stimulation, optogenetics, drug delivery, and imaging, reducing the need for multiple separate devices.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed herein is a multifunctional probe that may be inserted into tissue (e.g. brain tissue) that includes an optical waveguide, a microfluidic channel and a plurality of carbon nanofiber electrodes. In another embodiment, the probe includes a shank onto which carbon nanofiber electrodes are disposed. Also disclosed are methods of making disclosed probes.