Micromagnetic Simulation for Hysteresis Loss Calculation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current simulation methods for electric equipment using magnetic materials, such as motors and generators, struggle to accurately calculate hysteresis loss and abnormal eddy current loss due to the simplicity of existing magnetic material models, which cannot express hysteresis curves, leading to inaccurate efficiency estimates, especially under high-frequency magnetic fields.
Innovation Solution
A method involving micromagnetics simulation, where a processor repeatedly calculates magnetization distribution and static magnetic fields, generating hysteresis loops and calculating hysteresis loss by assigning micromagnetic models to meshes within a finite element method model, allowing for more accurate representation of magnetic domain structure and domain wall motion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If a simple magnetic material model defining only the relationship between magnetic permeability and magnetic flux density is used, then the model is easy to implement and computationally efficient, but the hysteresis loss and abnormal eddy current loss cannot be calculated
Solution Approach 1:
The magnetic material model is segmented into multiple magnetic domains, each capable of independent magnetization. This segmentation allows the model to represent hysteresis behavior and domain wall motion, enabling calculation of hysteresis loss and abnormal eddy current loss while maintaining computational efficiency through localized calculations.
Solution Approach 2:
The magnetic material model is transformed from a static permeability-flux density relationship into a dynamic model that captures time-dependent magnetization changes. The model now includes dynamic equations for magnetization evolution, allowing representation of hysteresis loops and domain wall motion under varying magnetic fields.
2Productivity
If analytical formulas using catalog data factors are used to calculate hysteresis loss and abnormal eddy current loss, then the calculation can be performed, but the factors differ from actual operating state values making exact calculation difficult
Solution Approach 1:
The model incorporates feedback mechanisms where the calculated magnetization distribution and static magnetic field are continuously fed back into the system. This feedback loop allows the model to adjust and converge toward accurate representations of hysteresis behavior and domain wall motion specific to the actual operating conditions, improving calculation precision.
Solution Approach 2:
The model dynamically adjusts magnetic parameters such as permeability, coercivity, and magnetization based on the actual operating state rather than using fixed catalog data factors. This parameter adaptation allows the model to accurately represent the magnetic material behavior under specific operating conditions, enabling precise calculation of losses.
3Measurement precision
If micromagnetics simulation is applied to calculate hysteresis loop and loss, then accurate representation of magnetic domain structure and domain wall motion is achieved, but the calculation complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The magnetic material is divided into discrete magnetic domains or meshes, each treated as an independent calculation unit. This segmentation allows complex micromagnetics simulations to be broken down into manageable portions, reducing overall computational complexity while maintaining the ability to accurately model domain wall motion and hysteresis behavior.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of performing full micromagnetics simulation across the entire magnetic material, the model applies micromagnetics principles selectively to key regions or uses simplified representations where appropriate. This partial application approach maintains accuracy for critical areas while reducing overall computational complexity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables more precise calculation of hysteresis and abnormal eddy current losses, improving the optimization of electric equipment structure and material efficiency, particularly for soft magnetic materials like electrical steel.
Implementation Method 1
calculate a distribution of the magnetization and an average magnetization in a magnetic material model of micromagnetics
Implementation Method 2
calculate the static magnetic field of the another magnetic material model using the average magnetization calculated by the first process
Implementation Method 3
generating by the processor a hysteresis loop of each mesh included in the another magnetic material model based on the average magnetization calculated by the first process and the static magnetic field calculated by the second process, and calculating by the processor a hysteresis loss of the another magnetic material model from an area of the generated hysteresis loop
Data Source
AI summary
A method for simulating a magnetic material includes: repeatedly performing a first process and a second process until the change of magnetization and a static magnetic field converges, the first process being to calculate a distribution of the magnetization and an average magnetization in a magnetic material model of micromagnetics, and the second process being to assign the magnetic material model of the micromagnetics to each mesh included in another magnetic material model, calculate the static magnetic field of the another magnetic material model using the calculated average magnetization, and return the calculated static magnetic field to the calculation of the distribution of the magnetization; generating a hysteresis loop of each mesh included in the another magnetic material model based on the calculated average magnetization and the calculated static magnetic field, and calculating a hysteresis loss of the another magnetic material model from an area of the generated hysteresis loop.