Microsecond Short-Circuit Sensor for Battery Anomaly Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current battery management systems have difficulty in accurately predicting and detecting internal short circuits in lithium-ion batteries, which can lead to thermal runaway, as they rely on sampling rates and models that may not capture the early signs of micro shorts before they escalate into more severe issues.
Innovation Solution
A short-circuit sensor system that detects events with successive edges in the terminal voltage signal within microseconds, transmitting these events to a battery management system for anomaly detection, which also considers current and internal pressure developments to identify micro shorts and potential transitions to hard short circuits.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional battery management systems use typical sampling rates of 20 to 50 Hz for monitoring cell voltages, then the system complexity remains manageable, but the detection precision for micro shorts is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the detection task by introducing a specialized short-circuit sensor system that operates independently from the main battery management system. This sensor system specifically monitors for micro short events using high-speed sampling, while the main BMS continues to operate at typical rates for other monitoring functions. This segmentation allows high-precision detection of micro shorts without requiring the entire system to operate at high complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary short-circuit sensor system that acts as a mediator between the battery cells and the main battery management system. This intermediary component handles the high-speed sampling and initial detection of micro shorts, then transmits only relevant anomaly data to the main BMS. This intermediary approach enables high detection precision while keeping the main system complexity manageable.
2Measurement precision
If the sampling rate is increased to detect micro shorts, then the detection precision improves, but the energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements periodic action by having the short-circuit sensor system perform high-speed sampling only when micro short events are detected or suspected, rather than continuously maintaining high sampling rates. The system transitions between low-power monitoring mode and high-speed detection mode based on event triggers, thereby achieving high detection precision during critical moments while minimizing overall energy consumption during normal operation.
3Reliability
If conventional monitoring methods are used, then the device complexity remains low, but the reliability for detecting internal short circuits is insufficient
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by implementing a specialized short-circuit sensor system that proactively monitors for micro short events before they escalate into full thermal runaway. This preliminary detection capability allows the system to identify early signs of internal short circuits and trigger preventive measures, thereby significantly improving reliability without requiring complete redesign of the entire battery management system.
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a method for detecting anomalies in a battery cell (22), wherein a short-circuit sensor system (20) detects events (44) in a signal of a terminal voltage of the battery cell, which events have successive edges in an interval of time of microseconds, and wherein events detected by the short-circuit sensor system are transmitted to a battery management system (16) which determines anomalies in the battery cells using the detected events. A short-circuit sensor system (20) and a battery system (12) which are set up to carry out the method are also stated.