Microstructured Humidification Chamber Surface Design

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing medical systems face challenges in efficiently managing humidification and condensate in medical circuits, leading to issues such as condensation on components and suboptimal gas humidity levels.

Innovation Solution

The development of medical components with microstructures for improved humidification and condensate management, featuring a substrate with an equilibrium contact angle less than π/2 radians, allowing for effective wicking of liquid across surfaces and enhanced evaporation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If conventional smooth surfaces are used in medical circuit components, then manufacturing is simpler, but humidification efficiency is insufficient and condensation management is poor

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehumidification efficiencyVSAvoidsurface structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies porous or microstructured surfaces in medical circuit components to enhance humidification efficiency. The microstructures increase surface area and improve liquid-gas contact, allowing more effective water vapor transfer into the gas stream while managing condensation through controlled capillary action.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes surface parameters by introducing microstructures with specific contact angles (hydrophilic surfaces with contact angle <90°) to optimize liquid wicking and evaporation characteristics. This parameter modification improves humidification performance without requiring complex additional components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If microstructured surfaces with contact angle less than π/2 are used, then liquid wicking and evaporation are enhanced, but manufacturing precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecondensate managementVSAvoidmicrostructure fabrication precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs porous or microstructured surfaces engineered with specific pore sizes and distributions to achieve desired contact angles. These structures are designed to wick liquid through capillary action and provide large surface area for evaporation, improving condensate management while the manufacturing methods aim to achieve required precision through appropriate process selection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #31Porous materials

Solution Approach 2:

The patent may utilize composite materials or surface treatments that combine base materials with functional coatings or structured layers to achieve the required contact angle characteristics. This approach can simplify manufacturing by integrating multiple functions into a single component rather than requiring separate precision-manufactured microstructures.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If microstructured surfaces are implemented for improved humidification, then gas humidity control improves, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvegas humidity controlVSAvoidcomponent structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements microstructured surfaces with controlled surface properties (contact angle, surface area, pore distribution) to enhance humidification performance. By modifying surface parameters rather than adding entire new subsystems, the patent achieves improved gas humidity control while minimizing the increase in overall device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent designs microstructured surfaces that simultaneously perform multiple functions: humidification through increased evaporation surface area, condensation management through capillary wicking, and potentially temperature regulation. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate components, thereby limiting the increase in device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The use of microstructured surfaces in medical components enhances the efficiency of humidification and condensate management, maintaining optimal gas humidity levels and reducing condensation issues, thereby improving patient care and equipment performance.

Implementation Method 1

a microstructured surface in communication with the first region and the second region configured, in use, to wick liquid from the first region to the second region, wherein the microstructured surface comprises a substrate having an equilibrium contact angle less than about π/2 radians

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapillary action: Capillary Action

Implementation Method 2

The second region, in use, can be exposed to higher velocity air and the first region, in use, can be exposed to lower velocity air. The second region can be configured to communicate with a heat source.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP4223348B1Humidification chamber with microstructures
Publication Date: 2025.02.19 FISHER & PAYKEL HEALTHCARE LTD
  • EP4223348B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4223348B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3B
  • EP4223348B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5A

AI summary

A humidification chamber comprises: - a gas inlet; - a gas outlet, wherein gas flows along a gas flow path from the gas inlet to the gas outlet; - a surface along said gas flow path, wherein at least a portion of the surface comprises microstructures; and - at least one liquid dispenser configured to provide droplets of liquid to the microstructured surface, wherein the microstructures promote dispersion of the liquid droplets.