Microthermal Sensor Fuel Gas Control for Energy Efficiency

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Solution Overview

Problem

Gas-powered energy converter systems face inefficiencies and instability due to fluctuations in fuel gas quality, leading to improper oxygen carrier dosing, which can result in inefficient processes, sooting, and reduced service life.

Innovation Solution

A method using a microthermal sensor to determine both the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the fuel gas, allowing for precise regulation of the fuel gas-oxygen carrier mixing ratio, ensuring optimal operation and stability with changing fuel gas qualities.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a fixed mixing ratio is used to ensure system safety, then reliability is improved, but efficiency deteriorates due to safety margins

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem safetyVSAvoidenergy conversion efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment of the mixing ratio between fuel gas and oxygen carrier based on real-time detection of fuel gas quality parameters. The control system continuously adapts the mixing ratio to match actual fuel composition, replacing fixed ratios with dynamic, condition-based adjustment to eliminate unnecessary safety margins while maintaining system reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent employs a feedback mechanism where fuel gas quality is continuously monitored and the mixing ratio is adjusted accordingly. The control system uses detected fuel composition data to automatically modify the oxygen carrier dosage, creating a closed-loop control that balances safety and efficiency by responding to actual operating conditions rather than relying on predetermined fixed ratios

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

2Reliability

If too much oxygen carrier is added, then complete combustion is ensured, but energy efficiency deteriorates due to excessive heat loss

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecomplete combustionVSAvoidenergy efficiency
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the dosage parameter of the oxygen carrier based on detected fuel gas quality. By adjusting the amount of oxygen carrier according to actual fuel composition, the system ensures complete combustion when needed while avoiding excessive oxygen addition that would cause unnecessary heat loss and reduce energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies partial action by adding only the necessary amount of oxygen carrier required for complete combustion based on fuel quality detection, rather than consistently adding excessive oxygen. This prevents energy waste while ensuring complete combustion is achieved when fuel composition requires it

Inventive Principle:
Principle #16Partial or excessive action

3Use of energy by moving object

If too little oxygen carrier is added, then energy efficiency is improved, but process stability deteriorates due to incomplete combustion

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveenergy efficiencyVSAvoidprocess stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Use of energy by moving objectVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent uses feedback control to monitor fuel gas quality and adjust oxygen carrier dosage in real-time. This ensures the minimum necessary oxygen is added to maintain stable, complete combustion, preventing process instability and sooting while minimizing energy waste from excessive oxygen addition

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic adjustment of oxygen carrier dosage based on changing fuel composition. The system adapts the mixing ratio to maintain stable combustion conditions across varying fuel qualities, preventing incomplete combustion and sooting while optimizing energy efficiency

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

4Device complexity

If fuel gas quality fluctuations are not monitored, then device complexity is reduced, but manufacturing precision deteriorates due to improper dosing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontrol system complexityVSAvoiddosing precision
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical or manual fuel quality analysis systems with a detection-based approach that uses sensor technology to automatically identify fuel gas composition. This substitution enables precise dosing control through electronic sensing and control rather than complex mechanical adjustment mechanisms

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a self-regulating system where the control device automatically detects fuel gas quality and adjusts oxygen carrier dosage without external intervention. The system serves itself by using built-in detection capabilities to maintain precise dosing, eliminating the need for external monitoring and manual adjustment complexity

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach enables energetically efficient conversion and stable operation by maintaining a favorable process point, preventing negative deviations in the lambda value, thus enhancing operational reliability and extending the service life of energy converter systems.

Implementation Method 1

A method using a microthermal sensor to determine both the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the fuel gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectThermal conductivity measurement: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

A method using a microthermal sensor to determine both the thermal conductivity and heat capacity of the fuel gas

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat capacity measurement: Calorimetry

Data Source

PatentEP2843214B1Method, sensor and control device for controlling gas-powered energy conversion systems
Publication Date: 2021.06.23 MEMS
  • EP2843214B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2843214B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2843214B1 patent drawingFigure 2a

AI summary

A method for the fuel gas-oxygen carrier mixture control of a gas-powered energy conversion system (15), in particular a fuel cell system, is described, in which the mass or volume flow rate of the fuel gas (1) and/or oxygen carrier (2) is measured in order to control the mixture ratio (r) of fuel gas and oxygen carrier. In the method, at least two physical parameters of the fuel gas are additionally determined using a microthermal sensor (3.1, 3.2), for example, the mass and/or volume flow rate and the thermal conductivity or heat capacity of the fuel gas, and a setpoint for the mixture ratio, dependent on the fuel gas or its composition, is determined from these physical parameters and used to control the mixture ratio.