Microwave Holographic Imaging for Fast 3D Tissue Differentiation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing microwave imaging systems struggle to provide high-resolution, low-cost images with sufficient tissue differentiation and contrast, and fast image acquisition in medical applications.
Innovation Solution
A method involving coherent microwave radiation irradiation, phase and amplitude detection, and holographic image processing to calculate three-dimensional localized physical parameters, utilizing arrays of transmitting and receiving elements, and employing Fresnel integral-based back propagation techniques for image reconstruction.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If conventional microwave imaging methods are used, then the system cost is reduced, but the image resolution and tissue differentiation capability deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The imaging system divides the body into multiple selectable regions of interest (ROIs) that can be imaged independently. The system segments the imaging task into different frequency bands and processing stages, allowing focused computational resources on specific anatomical regions to achieve high resolution without requiring full-body imaging at maximum detail
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts imaging parameters including frequency selection (e.g., 2-18 GHz range), power levels, and processing algorithms based on the specific ROI being imaged. This allows optimization of resolution for each region while managing overall system complexity and cost
2Measurement precision
If high-resolution imaging is achieved, then tissue differentiation capability is improved, but the image acquisition time increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system performs preliminary low-resolution screening to identify regions requiring detailed imaging. By pre-segmenting the body and identifying ROIs of interest before detailed scanning, the system avoids acquiring unnecessary high-resolution data from all areas, thus reducing total acquisition time while maintaining diagnostic quality for relevant regions
Solution Approach 2:
The imaging process uses periodic pulse sequences with varying frequencies and durations. The system employs periodic modulation of the microwave source at different frequencies to probe tissue properties at multiple scales, enabling rapid acquisition of sufficient data for high-resolution reconstruction through compressed sensing techniques
3Loss of information
If full-frequency microwave imaging is performed, then image contrast is improved, but the processing complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The system applies different processing algorithms and frequency ranges to different regions of interest based on their specific imaging requirements. For example, superficial structures may use higher frequencies with different reconstruction algorithms compared to deeper structures, optimizing contrast for each region while reducing overall processing complexity
Solution Approach 2:
The system selectively applies frequency sweeps across different bands (e.g., 2-18 GHz) based on the specific ROI and clinical question. Not all frequencies are applied to all regions - the system adapts the frequency spectrum used based on depth, tissue type, and diagnostic requirements, reducing processing load while maintaining necessary contrast
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables high-contrast, high-resolution 3D imaging with improved tissue differentiation and fast image acquisition, leveraging existing low-cost computing power and radio frequency components.
Implementation Method 1
the phase of light that has been reflected by the body will depend on the path length of the light rays
Implementation Method 2
radiation that has passed through, or has been reflected by, the body
Implementation Method 3
An optical hologram is an interference pattern between the light reflected by an object onto an image plane and light that is received at the image plane directly from the laser source
Data Source
AI summary
A microwave imaging system and method are disclosed for generating a 3-D map of a body. The system comprises a source of coherent microwave radiation for irradiating the body, at least one microwave detector for detecting at a plurality of locations around the body the amplitude and phase of radiation that has passed through, or has been reflected by, the body, an analyser connected to receive signals from the or each detector and from the source and operative to produce a holographic image indicative at each detection location the phase of the received radiation relative to the phase of radiation received directly from the source at the same location, and a processor for processing the holographic image to calculate in three dimensions the positions of localized physical parameters within the body.