Microwave Resonator Spark Gap Array for Higher Ignition Voltage

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Solution Overview

Problem

Microwave generators with single spark gaps suffer from severe electrode erosion and limited service life due to narrowly defined electrode spacing, which restricts their operational stability and output.

Innovation Solution

The introduction of a series-connected spark gap configuration, where multiple spark gaps are arranged in a serial arrangement, allowing for a more even distribution of voltage and increased electrode spacing, thereby reducing erosion and enhancing operational stability and output.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If a single spark gap with narrowly defined electrode spacing is used, then the breakdown voltage is well-defined, but electrode erosion is severe and service life is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvebreakdown voltage definitionVSAvoidelectrode service life
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDuration of action of stationary object

Solution Approach 1:

The single spark gap is divided into multiple spark gaps arranged in parallel. Each spark gap has its own electrode pair with narrowly defined spacing, while the parallel arrangement distributes the electrical stress across multiple paths, reducing erosion at any single location and extending overall service life.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

2Duration of action of stationary object

If electrode spacing is increased to reduce erosion, then electrode service life improves, but breakdown voltage control becomes less precise

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveelectrode service lifeVSAvoidbreakdown voltage definition
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of stationary objectVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of using a single large spark gap, the system uses multiple smaller spark gaps in parallel. Each small gap maintains narrowly defined electrode spacing for precise breakdown voltage control, while the parallel configuration effectively increases the overall electrode spacing and distributes erosion across multiple locations.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple spark gaps are combined in parallel to achieve the desired performance. The parallel combination maintains the precise breakdown characteristics of individual small gaps while providing the erosion resistance equivalent to larger spacing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Device complexity

If a single spark gap is used, then the structure is simple, but output and operational stability are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespark gap structureVSAvoidmicrowave generator output
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The single spark gap structure is segmented into multiple parallel spark gaps. This segmentation increases the total current handling capacity and microwave output while maintaining relatively simple individual gap structures. The parallel arrangement provides operational stability through redundancy and balanced voltage distribution.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration significantly increases the service life of the spark gap electrodes and enhances the microwave generator's output by allowing higher ignition voltages and field strengths, leading to improved performance and reliability.

Implementation Method 1

a spark gap that breaks through when a high voltage is applied to emit microwaves

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectGas discharge: Plasma

Implementation Method 2

the breakdown of the spark gap can also be brought about in a targeted manner by a suitable trigger mechanism

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectric breakdown: Electric Spark

Implementation Method 3

this capacitance forms an oscillating circuit with the physical properties of the switch plasma in the spark gap

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic oscillation: Resonance

Implementation Method 4

the energy stored in the resonator oscillating circuit is wholly or partially discharged via an emitter device coupled to the resonator, i. H. Antenna radiated into the vicinity of the microwave generator

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation: Microwave Radiation

Data Source

PatentEP2040374B1Microwave generator
Publication Date: 2012.04.18 DIEHL BGT DEFENCE GMBH & CO KG
  • EP2040374B1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP2040374B1 patent drawingFigure 4~5
  • EP2040374B1 patent drawingFigure 6A~6D

AI summary

A microwave generator (10) with a resonator (12) is described, the resonator having two opposing resonator electrodes (14, 16) which are equipped with a spark gap device (26) that breaks down when an ignition voltage (Uz) is applied. To realize a microwave generator (10) with increased power, in which the resonator (12) can be operated at higher ignition voltages (Uz) or field strengths, it is proposed that the spark gap device (26) has at least two spark gaps (24a, 24b, ..., 24i) connected in series.