Non-Refrigerated Microwave Waveguide for Coherent Quantum Transmission
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for coherent quantum microwave transmission in superconducting quantum computers require cryogenic refrigeration, leading to high costs and logistical challenges, with existing approaches limited to short transmission lengths and no viable method for transmitting at room temperature.
Innovation Solution
A room temperature microwave waveguide system using a cryogenic loop antenna coupled to an LC harmonic oscillator, which converts quantum microwave fields to quantum voltage, allowing for coherent signal transmission while suppressing noise photons, enabling longer distances without refrigeration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If cryogenic refrigeration is used for coherent quantum microwave transmission, then transmission reliability is improved, but device complexity and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts the refrigeration requirement from the transmission channel itself and applies it only to the endpoint devices (transmitter and receiver). This allows the transmission medium (waveguide or coaxial cable) to operate at room temperature, eliminating the need for complex cryogenic refrigeration along the transmission path while maintaining coherent transmission reliability through quantum noise suppression techniques at the endpoints.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces quantum noise suppression as an intermediary mechanism that mediates between room temperature thermal noise and coherent quantum signal transmission. By actively suppressing quantum noise at the transmitter and receiver endpoints, the system enables reliable coherent transmission through room temperature channels without requiring the entire system to be cryogenically cooled.
2Length of stationary object
If transmission distance is increased, then quantum network scalability is improved, but signal-to-noise ratio deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements quantum noise suppression with feedback mechanisms at both transmitter and receiver endpoints. The system continuously monitors and actively suppresses quantum noise that accumulates during transmission, enabling signals to maintain adequate signal-to-noise ratios over extended distances. This feedback-based noise suppression is crucial for achieving transmission distances of hundreds of meters to kilometers while preserving quantum coherence.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary quantum noise suppression at the transmitter before the signal enters the transmission channel, and preliminary amplification and noise filtering at the receiver before detection. These preliminary actions prepare the signal to withstand long-distance transmission by pre-compensating for expected noise accumulation, thereby extending the effective transmission distance while maintaining signal integrity.
3Device complexity
If room temperature transmission is implemented, then device complexity is reduced, but thermal noise increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent converts the harmful thermal noise inherent in room temperature operation into a manageable parameter through active quantum noise suppression techniques. Rather than attempting to eliminate thermal noise entirely (which would require cryogenic temperatures), the system acknowledges its presence and actively suppresses it through feedback control and quantum filtering, thereby enabling room temperature operation while maintaining signal coherence.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the operational parameters of the transmission system by operating the waveguide or coaxial cable at room temperature rather than cryogenic temperatures. This parameter change is compensated for by adjusting the noise suppression and amplification parameters at the endpoints, allowing the system to achieve acceptable performance at room temperature through parameter optimization rather than physical temperature reduction.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables coherent microwave transmission over meters to kilometers at room temperature, reducing costs and complexity by maintaining a high signal-to-noise ratio and extending transmission distances with mild cooling, facilitating scalable quantum computers.
Implementation Method 1
a cryogenic loop antenna coupled to an LC harmonic oscillator (with L representing an inductor and C representing a capacitor) is implemented inside an output port of the waveguide, while the LC harmonic oscillator is located outside the waveguide. In embodiments, the loop antenna converts quantum microwave fields (which include both signal and thermal noise photons) to quantum voltage across the coupled LC harmonic oscillator.
Implementation Method 2
the loop antenna can be designed so that (1) the number of detected noise photons can be significantly made less than one, and (2) the detected signal photons can be maintained sufficiently greater than one by transmitting large enough number of photons at an input port of the waveguide.
Data Source
AI summary
An apparatus, including a waveguide, a first circuit, a second circuit. The waveguide is connected to the first circuit and the second circuit. The first circuit is located within a cryostat.