Mid-IR Multi-Wavelength Concatenated DFB Laser

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Solution Overview

Problem

Distributed feedback lasers have limited tunability, restricting their application in fields requiring a broader range of wavelengths, such as infrared countermeasures, gas sensing, and communications.

Innovation Solution

A multi-wavelength concatenated DFB laser with an active core made of cascaded stages and quarter-wave shifted gratings, allowing for simultaneous or sequential emission across a broader wavelength range from 2.5 µm to 15 µm, utilizing a gain material with non-identical layers forming a superlattice and separated by electrical isolation regions.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If traditional DFB laser design is used, then stable single wavelength emission is achieved, but wavelength tunability is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength tunabilityVSAvoidlaser structure complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The laser cavity is divided into multiple independent DFB sections, each with its own grating structure and gain region. Each section can be independently controlled to emit at a specific wavelength, enabling broad wavelength coverage while maintaining the stability of individual DFB sections. The sections are separated by electrical isolation regions that allow independent current injection and optical mode confinement.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The concatenated DFB laser structure serves multiple functions: each DFB section provides stable single-wavelength emission while the combination of multiple sections enables broad wavelength tunability. The device can operate in different modes (simultaneous multi-wavelength emission, sequential wavelength switching) to meet diverse application requirements, making it universally applicable to various fields requiring different wavelength ranges.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If multiple DFB sections are concatenated, then broader wavelength range is achieved, but thermal heating increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvewavelength coverage rangeVSAvoiddevice thermal heating
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSTemperature

Solution Approach 1:

The laser is segmented into multiple independent sections with electrical isolation regions between them. This allows independent current control and dissipation management for each section, preventing cumulative thermal buildup that would occur in a monolithic structure. The isolation regions act as thermal barriers while maintaining optical coupling.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The laser can operate by sequentially activating different DFB sections rather than continuously driving all sections simultaneously. This periodic operation mode allows thermal dissipation between activation cycles, reducing peak temperatures while maintaining the capability to emit across the full wavelength range over time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

3Adaptability or versatility

If traditional DFB QCL arrays are used, then multiple wavelengths can be generated, but device size and cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemulti-wavelength capabilityVSAvoiddevice size
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple DFB sections are merged into a single integrated laser device with shared waveguide structure and common substrate. The sections share optical modes and physical infrastructure while maintaining independent electrical control. This consolidation achieves multi-wavelength capability in a compact form factor, eliminating the need for separate laser devices or complex optical combining systems required by traditional arrays.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The DFB grating structures and gain regions are nested within a shared waveguide framework. Each DFB section is embedded within the common optical path, with gratings positioned to provide distributed feedback at specific wavelengths. This nested arrangement allows multiple functional elements to coexist in a compact volume, reducing overall device size while maintaining multi-wavelength operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables broader wavelength tunability, enhancing the laser's applicability in chemical analysis and spectroscopy, and providing size and cost advantages over traditional DFB QCL arrays by allowing detection of broad absorption lines and reducing thermal heating.

Implementation Method 1

The gain material generates photons by intersubband transitions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIntersubband transitions:

Implementation Method 2

Distributed feedback ("DFB") lasers are a solid state diode laser technology that incorporates a diffraction grating into the active region of the laser

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectDistributed feedback: Diffraction Grating

Implementation Method 3

an optical waveguide comprising two ends coated with an anti-reflection material

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAnti-reflection: Anti-Reflective Coating

Data Source

PatentEP2803122B1Mid-IR multiwavelength concatenated distributed-feedback laser with an active core made of cascaded stages
Publication Date: 2020.06.10 THORLABS QUANTUM ELECTRONICS INC
  • EP2803122B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2803122B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP2803122B1 patent drawingFigure 6~7

AI summary

Concatenated distributed feedback lasers having multiple laser sections laid out in series are disclosed. The concatenated distributed feedback lasers utilize quantum cascade core designs to produce optical gain in the mid- infrared region and may generate several wavelengths simultaneously or sequentially. Methods of making along with methods of using such devices are also disclosed.