miRNA Biomarker Panel for Low-Cost Multi-Cancer Early Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current cancer diagnostic methods are limited in their ability to detect multiple types of cancer early and accurately, often requiring expensive and invasive follow-up tests, and existing multi-cancer early diagnostic (MCED) technologies are costly and lack sensitivity.
Innovation Solution
A method involving the determination of expression levels of at least three specific miRNAs in a biological sample, using machine learning models such as a support vector machine and feedforward artificial neural network, to diagnose and identify the type of cancer present.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If serum-based diagnostic tests like Galleri are used for multi-cancer early detection, then cancer detection capability is provided, but the test cost is high (approx. USD 950 per test) and sensitivity for stage one cancer is poor (18-39%)
Solution Approach 1:
The invention changes the detection parameter from methylated DNA (used in Galleri and PanSeer) to circulating miRNA expression levels. This parameter change enables the use of different detection methodologies that are both more sensitive and more cost-effective, directly resolving the contradiction between detection reliability and manufacturing cost
Solution Approach 2:
The invention replaces the complex mechanical and chemical systems required for methylated DNA detection (which require extensive user experience and expensive equipment) with a miRNA-based detection system that uses simpler, more automated methodologies, thereby reducing both cost and operational complexity while maintaining or improving sensitivity
2Adaptability or versatility
If methylated DNA-based tests (Galleri, PanSeer) are used, then multi-cancer detection is achieved, but the tests are costly and require extensive user experience
Solution Approach 1:
The miRNA-based detection system is designed to be more self-service oriented, requiring minimal user intervention and expertise. The methodology inherently provides more robust results with less operator skill required, effectively making the system serve itself and reducing the burden on users
3Reliability
If CancerSEEK system is used, then cancer detection is provided, but it is expensive to purchase, run and maintain
Solution Approach 1:
The invention employs a detection methodology that uses cost-effective, potentially disposable components and reagents for miRNA detection, replacing the expensive, maintenance-intensive CancerSEEK system. This approach prioritizes affordability and simplicity over reusable expensive equipment
4Productivity
If conventional screening methods are used for specific cancers, then screening is provided, but results require follow-up with more expensive diagnostic tests and suffer poor specificity
Solution Approach 1:
The miRNA-based detection system serves multiple functions simultaneously: it screens for multiple cancer types in a single test and provides diagnostic-level specificity in the same assay. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for sequential screening and confirmatory testing, directly resolving the contradiction between screening throughput and diagnostic precision
Data Source
AI summary
The invention relates to a method of diagnosing a cancer in a subject, wherein the method comprises determining the expression level of a set of miRNAs in a sample obtained from the subject. The invention also relates to a method of identifying the site of localisation of a cancer in a subject. The invention also provides method of treating a subject with cancer.