Mixed-Particle Solid-State Electrodes for Ionic Conductivity
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Solution Overview
Problem
Solid state lithium-ion batteries face challenges with low power output due to lower ionic conductivity in solids compared to liquids, requiring improved nanostructuring and packing architectures for high-performance electrodes.
Innovation Solution
The development of solid state electrochemical electrodes with mixed-sized particles of active materials and catholyte, where large electrochemically active particles are combined with small ion-conductive particles to form a percolation network, enhancing ionic conductivity and energy density through optimized particle size ratios and compression techniques.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Quantity of substance
If solid state components are used to increase theoretical energy density, then energy density is improved, but ionic conductivity decreases leading to lower power output
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating distinct regions within the electrode: large particles provide high energy density storage sites, while small particles create highly conductive ion pathways. This spatial differentiation of particle sizes allows different regions to fulfill different functions - energy storage and ion transport - simultaneously resolving the contradiction between energy density and ionic conductivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements the nested doll principle by having small ion-conductive particles embedded within and between the larger energy-storage particles. The smaller particles are nested in the interstices of the larger particle structure, creating a hierarchical arrangement where the small particles form a percolating network that penetrates through the larger particle framework, enabling both high energy density and sustained ionic conductivity.
2Power
If ion pathways are reduced and intrinsic ionic conductivity is increased, then power output should improve, but these problems have not been remedied in solid state batteries
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the electrode into a bimodal particle size distribution system. The small particles (first size range) are segmented to form a percolating network that creates multiple parallel ion pathways throughout the electrode structure. This segmentation of the ion transport function into numerous small-conductor pathways collectively achieves high macroscopic ionic conductivity and power output.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements parameter changes by systematically varying the particle size distribution parameters - specifically using a bimodal distribution with defined size ratios. By changing the particle size parameter from monodisperse to bimodal distribution and controlling the ratio between large and small particles, the patent optimizes both the percolation threshold and ionic conductivity, enabling high power output.
3Power
If mixed sized particles are used to enhance ionic conductivity, then power capabilities improve, but particle size ratio optimization is required
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies parameter changes by establishing specific quantitative relationships between particle sizes - defining a bimodal distribution with a size ratio range (e.g., 10:1 to 1:1) and controlling the volume fractions of each particle size. These parameter specifications transform the complex optimization problem into a manufacturable solution with clear design criteria, balancing ionic conductivity enhancement with fabrication feasibility.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach achieves higher ionic conductivity and energy density, enabling solid state batteries to operate efficiently with improved power capabilities and energy storage capacity.
Implementation Method 1
small particles include ion conductive materials... form a percolation network, enhancing ionic conductivity
Implementation Method 2
large particles include electrochemically active materials... small particles include ion conductive materials... enhancing ionic conductivity and energy density
Data Source
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AI summary
The present invention is directed to electrochemical devices and materials thereof. More specifically, embodiments set forth herein provide a low-porosity electrode that includes large particles and small particles. The large particles include electrochemically active material. The small particles include ion conductive electrolyte materials. In some examples, the large particles and small particles are characterized by a dispersity of no higher than 0.5. There are other embodiments as well.