Millimeter Wave Radio Relay for High-Speed Railway Data
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current communication systems for high-speed trains face challenges in providing reliable broadband connections due to interference from natural and man-made obstacles, limited frequency bands, and the need for direct visibility between base stations and moving trains, which restricts data transmission rates to below 10 Gbps.
Innovation Solution
The implementation of a radio relay communication system with base stations installed along the railway route, equipped with narrow-band antennas emitting short millimeter waves, ensuring direct visibility and using frequency and polarization multiplexing to maintain communication channels through switching equipment, allowing data transmission rates up to 10 Gbps.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If LTE or Wi-Fi technologies are used for communication on high-speed trains, then communication coverage can be provided, but data transmission rate is limited to below 10 Gbps
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the frequency parameter from sub-6 GHz (LTE/Wi-Fi) to millimeter wave range (24-100 GHz), enabling data transmission rates up to 10 Gbps while maintaining communication stability through direct visibility requirements and base station positioning
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces radio relay modules as intermediary devices installed on train rooftops to receive millimeter wave signals from base stations and convert them to internal train network signals, enabling high-speed data transmission through relay communication
2Reliability
If base stations are positioned to provide coverage along the train route, then communication availability improves, but direct visibility is blocked by natural and man-made obstacles
Solution Approach 1:
The patent positions base stations locally along the railway route at specific locations (every 2-5 km) with line-of-sight to the train, creating localized high-quality millimeter wave communication zones that avoid obstacle interference while maintaining overall route coverage
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses millimeter wave frequencies (24-100 GHz) with shorter wavelengths that can propagate more effectively in straight lines and are less susceptible to diffraction by obstacles, changing the dimensional characteristic of wave propagation to improve direct visibility communication
3Productivity
If millimeter wave frequencies (24-100 GHz) are used to achieve 10 Gbps data transmission, then productivity improves, but direct visibility requirement increases system complexity
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the communication system into fixed base stations along the route and mobile radio relay modules on trains, with base stations positioned 2-5 km apart to create manageable communication segments that maintain direct visibility while covering the entire route
Solution Approach 2:
The patent pre-positions base stations along the railway route at calculated intervals before train operation, establishing predetermined line-of-sight communication paths that simplify real-time alignment and reduce system complexity during actual high-speed communication
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution provides stable and high-speed data transmission of up to 10 Gbps by ensuring direct visibility and minimizing interference, making it more cost-effective and reliable than traditional LTE or Wi-Fi technologies.
Implementation Method 1
emit short millimeter waves on narrow-band antennas
Implementation Method 2
using frequency and polarization multiplexing to maintain communication channels
Implementation Method 3
using frequency and polarization multiplexing to maintain communication channels
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to the field of communications, and more particularly to methods and a system for providing high-speed communications on a high-speed railway. The technical result is a better quality communication channel provided by train-to-ground radio relay links The claimed system for providing high-speed communications on a high-speed railway comprises an internal and an external data exchange network. The internal network unites tail-end radio frequency modules mounted in the rear part of a train and equipped with narrow-band antennae, head-end radio frequency modules mounted in the front part of the train and equipped with narrow-band antennae, and switching equipment capable of processing signals from said modules and of providing network devices connected to said equipment with access to the external data exchange network. The external data exchange network unites base stations equipped with narrow-band antennae, said base stations being capable of establishing communication with the tail-end and head-end radio frequency modules in the train and being arranged in proximity to the railway clearance along the path of travel of the train. The antennae of the base stations and of the radio frequency modules in the train are configured to radiate radio waves in a short millimeter wave band.