MMC Converter Charging for Wind Farm Blackstart HVDC Links

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing methods for charging capacitors in modular multilevel converters (MMC) and high voltage DC links require an external power source, preventing renewable power plants like wind farms from offering blackstart services during a blackout.

Innovation Solution

A method that uses the power generated by the wind farm itself to charge the capacitors of MMC converters and DC links through controlled and uncontrolled charging steps, synchronizing with the AC network and controlling charging currents without external power sources.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If external power source is used to charge capacitors, then capacitors can be charged to nominal voltage, but renewable power plants cannot provide blackstart service

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveblackstart service capabilityVSAvoidindependence from external power source
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The wind farm uses its own generated power to charge the capacitors of MMC converters and DC links through controlled and uncontrolled charging steps, eliminating the need for external power sources and enabling blackstart service capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The method performs preliminary charging of capacitors in two stages: first uncontrolled charging to build up voltage, then controlled charging to reach nominal voltage. This preliminary action enables the system to start up independently without external power support

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

2Device complexity

If uncontrolled charging is used, then charging process is simpler, but charging currents are not controlled

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecharging control complexityVSAvoidcharging current control
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The charging process is divided into two distinct stages: uncontrolled charging phase for initial voltage buildup, and controlled charging phase for precise voltage regulation. This segmentation allows each stage to optimize for its specific function, simplifying overall control while ensuring reliability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The charging process alternates between uncontrolled and controlled modes in a periodic sequence. The system first performs uncontrolled charging, then transitions to controlled charging when certain voltage thresholds are reached, creating a rhythmic charging pattern that balances simplicity and precision

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables the capacitors to be charged to nominal voltage without external power, allowing the wind farm to restore the electrical network and offer blackstart services, reducing downtime and equipment needs.

Implementation Method 1

voltage and frequency control of said AC network by means of the wind turbines

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

charging of the capacitors of the cells and synchronisation with the AC network

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCapacitance: Capacitance

Data Source

PatentEP4138250B1Method for powering up MMC converters and an HVDC link in order to start-up electric power plants
Publication Date: 2025.09.03 UNIV JAUME I
  • EP4138250B1 patent drawingFigure 1A~1B
  • EP4138250B1 patent drawingFigure 2~3B
  • EP4138250B1 patent drawingFigure 4

AI summary

Disclosed is a method for supplying an external supply network (8) through a DC link (4), the external supply network (8) being connected to the DC link (4) by a DC/AC converter (3) and the power plant (1) being connected to the DC link (4) by means of an AC/DC converter (2), allowing start-up without an external power transmission network, comprising: increasing the voltage in the AC network (7); charging the AC/DC converter (2) and DC link (4); reducing the voltage in the AC network (7); synchronising the AC/DC converter (2) and the AC network (7); increasing the voltage of the DC/AC converter (3); charging the DC/AC converter to a nominal voltage; and starting-up the DC/AC converter (3).