MMC Submodule Short Circuit Protection via Low-Inductance Diodes

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing submodules in high-voltage energy transmission systems fail to reliably bridge connection terminals during faults, leading to potential system shutdowns due to high fault currents damaging freewheeling diodes and bonding wires.

Innovation Solution

A submodule design featuring pressure-contacted silicon semiconductor components and disc cell diodes with elastic deformation layers ensures low-inductance current paths in both directions, preventing damage and allowing safe discharge of energy stores, while thyristors are triggered to divert fault currents, ensuring continuous operation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If standard industrial IGBT modules with bonding wires are used, then the submodule structure is simplified, but the bonding wires may melt or tear out due to high fault currents causing arcing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesubmodule structureVSAvoidbonding wire damage
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The invention implements beforehand cushioning by providing a semiconductor component connected in parallel with the storage capacitor that is specifically designed to accept short-circuit currents. This component acts as a cushion or buffer that absorbs the harmful fault currents before they can reach and damage the bonding wires in standard IGBT modules. The low-inductance connection ensures this protection activates immediately, preventing bonding wire damage while maintaining the use of standard industrial modules.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution reliably bypasses faulty submodules, preventing damage to freewheeling diodes and maintaining system operation by diverting high fault currents through pressure-contacted components, thus avoiding arcing and ensuring the submodule's safe discharge.

Implementation Method 1

pressure-contacted silicon semiconductor components ensures low-inductance current paths in both directions

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Implementation Method 2

low-inductance current paths

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic Induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 3

disc cell diodes with elastic deformation layers

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElasticity: Elasticity

Implementation Method 4

thyristors are triggered to divert fault currents

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2748906B1Short circuit current protection for module of a modular multilevel converter (MMC)
Publication Date: 2018.11.14 FRAUNHOFER GESELLSCHAFT ZUR FORDERUNG DER ANGEWANDTEN FORSCHUNG EV
  • EP2748906B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2748906B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4
  • EP2748906B1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

The invention relates to a sub-module (31) for a multi-point converter, comprising a unipolar energy store (16), two connecting terminals (22, 23), and a semiconductor circuit (17, 26) that has at least two controllable power semiconductor switches (18, 19, 27, 28), a separate free running diode (20, 21, 29, 30) being connected in parallel to each switch in an opposite direction. At least one semiconductor component (32) is connected in parallel to the unipolar energy store (16) in a low-inductive manner, said component bridging the energy store (16) in the event of a fault. The aim of the invention is to provide such a sub-module that reliably bridges the two connecting terminals of the sub-module in the event of a fault. This is achieved in that each free running diode (20, 21, 29, 30) is a disk cell diode and part of a circuit unit (39) that has an emitter plate (41) and a collector plate (42), between which the disk cell diode (20, 21, 29, 30) is clamped. The collector plate (42) is connected to a collector terminal (5) of the power semiconductor switch (18, 19, 27, 28), and the emitter plate (41) is connected to an emitter terminal (4) of the power semiconductor switch (18, 19, 27, 28) that is connected in parallel to said free running diode (20, 21, 29, 30).