Millimeter Wave Camera Array for Remote Concealed Weapon Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing security screening technologies, such as metal detectors and x-ray systems, require close proximity to the subject and are limited in their ability to detect concealed weapons effectively, posing health risks and operational inefficiencies.
Innovation Solution
A hand-held or stand-alone millimeter wavelength (MMW) camera system comprising a matrix of single pixel MMW detectors with MMW receiving apertures, analog to digital converters, and digital output channels, capable of generating digital images and detecting concealed weapons through passive MMW imaging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional metal detectors and x-ray systems are used, then concealed weapons can be detected, but the subject must be within close proximity (a couple of feet) for adequate signal detection
Solution Approach 1:
The detector is divided into multiple individual single-pixel detectors arranged in a matrix array, with each detector having its own receiving aperture and signal processing circuitry. This segmentation allows each element to independently detect and process millimeter wave signals from different spatial locations, enabling the system to maintain detection precision while operating at extended distances through parallel signal acquisition across the array.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent transitions from traditional single-point detection to a two-dimensional matrix array of detectors. By arranging detectors in a grid pattern with multiple receiving apertures, the system gains additional spatial dimensionality for signal collection, allowing it to capture millimeter wave emissions across a broader field of view and maintain adequate signal strength at greater distances through distributed reception.
2Measurement precision
If x-ray systems are used for detection, then concealed weapons can be identified, but undesirable health impacts have been shown
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces ionizing radiation-based detection (x-rays) with non-ionizing millimeter wave detection. The system uses a matrix array of single-pixel detectors that passively receive millimeter wave emissions from the subject, eliminating the harmful ionizing radiation associated with traditional x-ray systems while maintaining the ability to detect concealed weapons through electromagnetic wave interaction with the subject's body and any concealed objects.
3Measurement precision
If hand-held metal detectors are used, then concealed weapons can be detected, but only one person at a time can be scanned and close proximity is required
Solution Approach 1:
The detector is divided into multiple individual single-pixel detectors arranged in a matrix array, with each detector having its own receiving aperture and signal processing circuitry. This segmentation allows each element to independently detect and process millimeter wave signals from different spatial locations, enabling the system to maintain detection precision while operating at extended distances through parallel signal acquisition across the array.
Solution Approach 2:
The matrix array of detectors provides a universal scanning capability that can simultaneously detect concealed weapons across multiple spatial locations and on multiple subjects within the field of view. The system's ability to process signals from all detector elements in parallel enables it to scan multiple persons or large areas simultaneously, dramatically improving throughput compared to traditional hand-held detectors that can only scan one person at a time.
4Measurement precision
If traditional detectors are used, then concealed weapons can be detected, but the equipment is large and stationary, requiring the person to walk through
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs the detector as a portable, hand-held device with a compact form factor that can be easily maneuvered and positioned. The matrix array of single-pixel detectors is integrated into a portable platform that can be held and directed by an operator, transforming the detection system from a large stationary installation to a dynamic, mobile device that can be conveniently operated in various locations and by multiple persons.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Enables remote and safe detection of concealed weapons by penetrating clothing and bags, providing enhanced security without physical contact and reducing health risks, while allowing for simultaneous imaging of large areas through stitching of MMW sub-images.
Implementation Method 1
an MMW receiving aperture configured to receive MMWs emitted from a target
Data Source
AI summary
A millimeter wave (MMW) display arrangement is envisioned to comprise a MMW camera that has an array of single pixel MMW detectors that capture MMWs and pipe MMW intensity data, of the captured MMWs, to a display screen where an MMW picture is assembled from a plurality of MMW sub-images from different portions of a scene scanned by the MMW camera. Each of the MMW sub-images comprise a plurality of contrast cells each of which are produced from a corresponding single pixel MMW detector. The MMW camera constructs the MMW picture by changing perspectives of the scene by way of either moving the camera or by shifting positions of a mirror between the camera and scene.