Millimeter-Wave Patch Antenna Layout for Wider Bandwidth Stability
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing millimeter-wave microstrip patch antennas have a narrow bandwidth, typically limited to about 1.5 GHz, which restricts their operational frequency range and impedance stability.
Innovation Solution
The introduction of rectangular impedance stabilizing elements symmetrically disposed around a main patch in the millimeter-wave wideband patch antenna, allowing for a wider bandwidth and improved impedance stability across a broader frequency range.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If traditional millimeter-wave microstrip patch antenna design is used, then the structure is simple and easy to manufacture, but the bandwidth is narrow (typically limited to about 1.5 GHz)
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna is divided into multiple functional segments: a main patch element and multiple impedance stabilizing elements. Each segment serves a specific function - the main patch provides the primary radiating function while the impedance stabilizing elements are specifically designed to broaden bandwidth. This segmentation allows the complex bandwidth-broadening function to be achieved through additional discrete elements rather than redesigning the entire antenna structure.
Solution Approach 2:
Impedance stabilizing elements are introduced as intermediary components between the feed line and the main patch. These intermediate elements act as impedance transformers and bandwidth extenders, mediating the electromagnetic energy transfer while stabilizing the input impedance across a wider frequency range. The coupling between these intermediary elements and the main patch creates multiple resonance modes that collectively broaden the overall bandwidth.
2Adaptability or versatility
If the bandwidth is increased to greater than 3.5 GHz, then the operational frequency range is expanded, but the impedance stability becomes more difficult to maintain
Solution Approach 1:
The impedance stabilizing elements are designed with specific dimensional parameters (length, width, spacing) that are optimized to create multiple resonance modes. By carefully controlling these geometric parameters, the antenna achieves impedance stability across an expanded frequency range. The parameters of the stabilizing elements are specifically tuned to provide consistent 50 Ohm input impedance from 60 to 64 GHz and beyond.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna employs a composite structure combining the main patch material, impedance stabilizing elements, and substrate material with specific dielectric properties. This composite configuration creates multiple resonant modes that work together to maintain impedance stability across a broader frequency spectrum. The interaction between different material properties and geometric configurations enables simultaneous bandwidth expansion and impedance stabilization.
Data Source
AI summary
Wideband millimeter-wave microstrip antenna having impedance stabilizing elements, and antenna array including same. The antenna includes a main patch and two impedance stabilizing elements each located at a distance from the main patch. One of the two impedance stabilizing elements is disposed at a first side of the main patch and the other of the two impedance stabilizing elements is disposed at a second side of the main patch opposing the first side. A maximum width of each of the two impedance stabilizing elements is less than half of a maximum width of the main patch. The main patch includes at least one feed line and a row of via that extends along one side of the main patch.