Millimeter-Wave Antenna Packaging Using Segmented Radiator and EBG
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Solution Overview
Problem
Traditional antennas struggle to achieve broadband, high gain, and low profile characteristics necessary for miniaturized chip packaging in millimeter-wave communication systems, particularly in the millimeter-wave band, where existing solutions fail to meet the requirements of high data transmission rates and limited space.
Innovation Solution
A new antenna element design incorporating a radiator made of metal sheet units with coupling slots, a grounded metal plate, and a feed structure that excites both TM10 and TM20 modes, combined with a periodic metal structure on a dielectric substrate to reduce thickness and enhance gain, allowing for adjustable coupling and impedance matching.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If traditional antenna structures are used in chip packaging, then the antenna can be integrated into the package, but the bandwidth remains narrow and profile reduction is limited
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna radiator is divided into multiple metal sheet units arranged in a periodic array, where each unit contributes to the overall radiation pattern. This segmentation enables the excitation of multiple resonant modes (TM10 and TM20) simultaneously, thereby expanding the operational bandwidth while maintaining a compact integrated structure suitable for chip packaging.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna employs a composite structure combining metal sheet units, dielectric substrate, and EBG patterns. This composite design integrates multiple functional elements into a single packaged unit, achieving broadband performance through the interaction of different materials and structures while keeping the overall device complexity manageable for mass production.
2Length of stationary object
If EBG structure is used to reduce antenna profile, then the height decreases, but the bandwidth does not improve significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The periodic array of metal sheet units creates a segmented radiator structure that supports multiple resonant modes. This segmentation, combined with the EBG ground structure, enables the antenna to achieve both low profile (reduced height) and broadband operation by exciting TM10 and TM20 modes simultaneously, overcoming the limitation of single-mode EBG-based antennas.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna design changes the resonant parameters by introducing multiple metal sheet units with specific dimensions and spacing. By adjusting the geometric parameters of the metal sheets and their arrangement, the antenna achieves multiple resonant frequencies within a compact height, thereby expanding bandwidth while maintaining low profile characteristics.
3Power
If antenna size is increased to improve gain, then the gain increases, but the profile becomes less compact
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna achieves high gain in a compact volume by utilizing vertical dimension efficiency through the EBG ground structure and multi-mode radiation. The periodic metal sheet units create a three-dimensional radiation pattern that concentrates energy in specific directions, achieving high gain without proportional increase in overall antenna volume, thus maintaining compactness for chip packaging applications.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution achieves a significantly reduced antenna thickness with a bandwidth of over 34% and high gain characteristics, suitable for millimeter-wave communication systems, including 60 GHz WiFi and 5G applications, while being cost-effective for mass production.
Implementation Method 1
a periodic metal structure disposed on an antenna dielectric substrate helps to form a high impedance surface, which can reduce the thickness of the substrate significantly and achieve an extremely low profile effect due to its zero-reflection phase property
Implementation Method 2
The radiation slot and the metal vias form an equivalent parallel capacitance and an equivalent series inductance between each metal sheet unit, which can produce a broadband characteristic in a particular frequency band
Implementation Method 3
The radiation slot and the metal vias form an equivalent parallel capacitance and an equivalent series inductance between each metal sheet unit, which can produce a broadband characteristic in a particular frequency band
Implementation Method 4
The radiation slot is fed by the feed slot through coupling. The slots formed between adjacent metal sheet units will produce an electromagnetic radiation. The TM20 mode and TM10 mode will be excited simultaneously to improve the antenna bandwidth
Data Source
AI summary
An antenna element includes an antenna radiator, an antenna dielectric substrate, a grounded metal plate, and a feed structure. The antenna radiator consists of several metal sheet units. The coupled slots between the adjacent metal sheet units form radiation slots and the grounded metal plate has a feed slot which is fed by the feed structure and the radiation slot is fed by the feed slot through coupling. This disclosure also provides an antenna packaging structure. An EBG is deployed as part of the radiator to improve the problems of high profile and narrow bandwidth of the traditional antennas. The EBG radiator also achieves low profile, broadband and high gain characteristics that is very suitable for millimeter wave band AiP and is also suitable for mass production at low cost, and therefore it can be widely used in 60 GHz WiFi system and a 5G millimeter wave communication system.