Mobile Quantum Key Distribution via Remote Photon Extraction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing quantum key distribution systems for mobile apparatuses are complex and require expensive equipment for generating encoded photons, limiting their feasibility and efficiency.

Innovation Solution

A mobile apparatus that receives optical input signals, encodes them with a measurable state, attenuates the signals to create quantum optical signals, and transfers them via a quantum communication channel, eliminating the need for on-board photon generation and using a protocol with multiple conjugate bases to ensure security and adaptability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a mobile apparatus includes equipment for generating encoded photons, then quantum key distribution can be performed, but the device complexity and cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequantum key distribution capabilityVSAvoidequipment complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent extracts the photon generation function from the mobile apparatus and places it in a remote fixed apparatus. The mobile apparatus retains only the essential functions of receiving optical signals, encoding them with quantum states, and transmitting them, thereby reducing device complexity while maintaining quantum key distribution capability

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The fixed apparatus serves multiple functions: it generates photons, transmits them to the mobile apparatus, and can serve multiple mobile devices simultaneously. This multi-functionality reduces the need for each mobile device to have complete photon generation capabilities

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If a mobile apparatus includes equipment for generating encoded photons, then quantum key distribution can be performed, but the cost increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequantum key distribution capabilityVSAvoidmanufacturing cost
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The expensive photon generation equipment is extracted from the mobile apparatus and located in a fixed infrastructure, reducing the manufacturing cost of mobile devices while maintaining quantum key distribution functionality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

Instead of each mobile device having its own photon generation capability, the system uses a centralized photon source that can serve multiple mobile devices, reducing overall system cost through resource sharing

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Reliability

If the mobile apparatus uses a protocol with multiple conjugate bases, then security and adaptability are improved, but the measurement precision requirements increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovesecurityVSAvoidbasis measurement precision
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary basis reconciliation over the classical channel before final key generation. Alice and Bob communicate their chosen bases in advance, allowing them to filter and keep only those measurements where both used the same basis, thereby reducing the precision requirements for real-time measurements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The system uses feedback through the classical communication channel to inform the receiver about the transmitter's basis choices. This feedback mechanism allows for post-selection of valid measurements and enables error correction, reducing the stringency of measurement precision requirements

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach simplifies the equipment requirements, reduces costs, and maintains security by using a shared quantum key generated from invariant and non-invariant bases, enabling secure and efficient quantum key distribution suitable for mobile devices.

Implementation Method 1

an optical attenuator configured to attenuate the encoded optical input signals to create a quantum output optical signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOptical attenuation: Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

transfers the quantum optical signals to the fixed apparatus via a quantum communication channel

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhoton propagation: Light

Data Source

PatentEP2670642B1Quantum key distribution
Publication Date: 2021.03.24 NOKIA TECHNOLOGIES OY
  • EP2670642B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2670642B1 patent drawingFigure 3
  • EP2670642B1 patent drawing

AI summary

An apparatus comprising: an input optical interface configured to received a series of optical input signals each comprising photons; an encoder configured to encode a quantum key for distribution by encoding each of the series of received optical input signals with a measurable state; an attenuator configured to attenuate each of the encoded optical input signals to create a series of quantum optical signals; and an output optical interface configured to send the series of quantum optical signals to the remote apparatus via a quantum communication channel.