Non-Invasive Blood Solute Calculation via Mobile Spectroscopy
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current wearable technology is unable to non-invasively measure important blood solutes such as glucose, hemoglobin, and lactate, which are crucial for health monitoring and diabetes management, due to the invasiveness and complexity of existing methods.
Innovation Solution
A mobile device equipped with a light source, an interferometer, and a photodetector uses non-invasive spectroscopy to emit and receive light, generating an interferogram and spectrum data sets to calculate the concentration of blood solutes without the need for invasive procedures.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If invasive blood sampling methods (fingerstick or continuous glucose monitor) are used to measure blood solute concentrations, then measurement precision is improved, but ease of operation deteriorates due to pain and inconvenience
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces mechanical/invasive blood sampling methods with optical spectroscopy technology. A mobile device uses light sources to illuminate tissue and photodetectors to measure light absorption spectra, which are then analyzed to determine blood solute concentrations. This substitution eliminates the need for fingersticks or implanted sensors, providing painless and convenient continuous monitoring while maintaining measurement accuracy through spectral analysis of blood components.
2Ease of operation
If non-invasive optical methods are used to measure blood solutes, then ease of operation is improved, but measurement precision deteriorates due to interference from tissue and other factors
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs multiple wavelengths of light to probe different absorption characteristics of blood solutes. By analyzing the spectral signature across a range of wavelengths, the system can distinguish between absorption by blood components (glucose, hemoglobin, lactate) and absorption by surrounding tissue. This multi-parameter spectral approach enables accurate determination of blood solute concentrations despite the non-invasive measurement challenge.
Solution Approach 2:
The system continuously monitors light absorption spectra and uses this feedback to calculate and track blood solute concentrations in real-time. The mobile device processes spectral data to provide ongoing measurements of glucose, hemoglobin, and lactate levels, allowing for dynamic health monitoring without repeated invasive sampling.
3Adaptability or versatility
If multiple blood solutes are measured simultaneously, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases due to the need for multiple sensors or procedures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a universal optical measurement platform that can simultaneously detect multiple blood solutes using a single mobile device. The system employs multiple light sources emitting at different wavelengths and photodetectors that capture the composite absorption spectrum. By analyzing the spectral data to identify characteristic absorption patterns of different solutes (glucose, hemoglobin, lactate), the device provides multi-functional monitoring capability without requiring separate sensors or procedures for each analyte.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This solution allows for non-invasive, painless, and convenient monitoring of blood solute concentrations, enhancing health management and potentially improving the treatment of conditions like diabetes and anemia.
Implementation Method 1
an interferometer that uses mirrors to separate and recombine the light
Implementation Method 2
Applying a mathematical technique such as a Fourier transform to the interferogram, a spectrum data set of the recombined light can be generated
Implementation Method 3
a photodetector that outputs data that corresponds to a measured light intensity of the reflected and transmitted light
Implementation Method 4
the wavelengths that are absent (absorbed) and present (not absorbed) in the spectrum data set can be used to describe the molecules in the person's tissues
Data Source
AI summary
This document describes techniques and devices for blood-solute calculation with a mobile device using non-invasive spectroscopy. A mobile device includes a light source that emits light toward an interferometer that uses mirrors to separate and recombine the light. The interferometer directs the recombined light toward a person. Light reflected from, or transmitted through, the person is received through a reception port to a photodetector that outputs photodetector data that corresponds to a measured light intensity of the reflected and transmitted light as a function of a path length of the light or a mirror position of the interferometer. Based on the photodetector data, an interferogram is generated. Applying a technique such as a Fourier transform to the interferogram, a spectrum data set of the reflected and transmitted light is generated. Based on the spectrum data set, a concentration of solutes in the person's blood is calculated.