Mode S Radar Code Verification and Interrogation Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional Mode S radars face issues with incorrect detection of Mode A code data, leading to adverse effects on air traffic control due to a high error rate, and doubling the number of interrogations and replies, which increases RF channel occupation time and affects data link communications.

Innovation Solution

The Mode S radar system repeatedly transmits Mode S all-call interrogations for initial acquisition, then uses selective interrogations to obtain and verify Mode A codes, storing identical codes for subsequent scans, reducing the need for repeated Mode A code requests and enhancing data accuracy by confirming code identity across multiple scans.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If Mode A code is obtained only in the initial scan after initial acquisition, then the number of interrogations and replies is reduced, but the detection precision of Mode A code decreases due to potential incorrect detection

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvenumber of interrogations and repliesVSAvoiddetection precision of Mode A code
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary action by obtaining the Mode A code in advance during the initial scan after initial acquisition, storing it for subsequent scan processing. This allows the system to prepare the code data beforehand, reducing the need for repeated interrogations while ensuring the code is captured at a critical early stage when the target is first identified and tracked.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses copying by storing the Mode A code obtained in the initial scan and reusing this copied data for generating detection reports in subsequent scans. Instead of repeatedly interrogating the target for the Mode A code, the system copies the previously obtained code and applies it across multiple scans, reducing communication overhead while maintaining operational efficiency.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Measurement precision

If Mode A code is obtained in every scan, then the detection precision of Mode A code is improved, but the RF channel occupation time increases affecting data link communications

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedetection precision of Mode A codeVSAvoidRF channel occupation time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs the Mode A code acquisition in advance during the initial scan, capturing the code data before subsequent scans. This preliminary acquisition eliminates the need for repeated code requests in every scan, thereby reducing RF channel occupation time and freeing up bandwidth for data link communications while maintaining code accuracy.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent copies the Mode A code obtained during the initial scan and reuses this copied information for generating detection reports in subsequent scans. This approach eliminates redundant interrogations and replies for Mode A code in every scan, significantly reducing RF channel occupation time and allowing more channel capacity to be allocated to data link communications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

3Loss of time

If Mode A code is obtained only in the initial scan, then the RF channel usage is optimized, but the reliability of detection reports decreases due to potential code errors

Engineering Contradiction:
ImproveRF channel occupation timeVSAvoidreliability of detection reports
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements feedback by using the Mode A code obtained in the initial scan and applying it consistently across subsequent scan processing. The system feeds back this code information to the detection report generation process, ensuring that the same code is used throughout the tracking sequence, which maintains reliability while optimizing channel usage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The system copies the Mode A code from the initial scan and uses this copied data for generating all subsequent detection reports. This copying approach ensures consistency and reliability of the code across multiple scans while minimizing RF channel occupation, as the code is not re-interrogated but rather reused from the initial acquisition.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

4Measurement precision

If the number of scans is increased to verify Mode A code identity, then the detection precision is improved, but the processing time and channel occupation increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveverification precision of Mode A codeVSAvoidprocessing time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs Mode A code verification in advance during the initial scan phase, before entering the routine surveillance scans. By completing the code acquisition and verification process preliminarily, the system avoids the need for extended verification procedures in subsequent scans, thereby maintaining high detection precision while minimizing additional processing time and channel occupation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Data Source

PatentEP1873554B1Mode S radar
Publication Date: 2011.12.21 KK TOSHIBA
  • EP1873554B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP1873554B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP1873554B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Disclosed is a Mode S radar which specifies an aircraft by transmitting interrogations to an aircraft A equipped with a Mode S transponder, and by then receiving and decoding replies corresponding to these interrogations. In the Mode S radar, detection reports on the aircraft A are generated in a manner that: for a Mode A code necessary for generating detection reports, when identicalness between the Mode A codes obtained in a plurality of scans after the initial acquisition of the aircraft A has been found to exist, the Mode A code thus found identical is adopted without carrying out a Mode A code interrogation (UF=5) thereafter. Accordingly, the Mode S secondary surveillance capable of generating more highly reliable detection reports is achieved.