Modified Chitosan Biomaterials for Tissue Adhesion and Drug Delivery
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current tissue adhesives and drug delivery technologies face challenges such as toxicity, insufficient strength, and difficulty in use, with existing chitosan-based products failing to provide effective, safe, and easy-to-use solutions for tissue bonding and drug delivery.
Innovation Solution
Development of treated and modified chitosan compositions through dialysis and chemical modifications to alter physical, chemical, and performance properties, enabling their use as bioadhesives, drug delivery systems, and filler materials with improved safety, efficacy, and ease of use.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If fibrin sealant based products are used for tissue bonding, then the adhesive function is provided through natural clotting factors, but the bond strength is insufficient to hold tissues without mechanical closures
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the physical and chemical properties of chitosan through dialysis and chemical modifications to enhance its adhesive parameters, achieving sufficient bond strength for tissue approximation without mechanical closures
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite chitosan compositions by combining chitosan with other materials through dialysis and chemical modifications, producing a composite adhesive material that achieves both reliability and strength requirements
2Strength
If cyanoacrylate products are used for tissue adhesive, then the adhesive provides strong bonding through polymerization, but tissue toxicity occurs due to degradation by-products and inflammatory response
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs chitosan as a biodegradable, naturally occurring polymer that provides temporary adhesive function during tissue healing, then degrades harmlessly, replacing permanent synthetic adhesives with temporary natural ones
Solution Approach 2:
The invention modifies chitosan's chemical structure through dialysis and chemical modifications to optimize its degradation profile and reduce toxic by-products while maintaining bonding strength
3Reliability
If glutaraldehyde crosslinked bovine serum albumin is used as adhesive, then the adhesive provides biological based bonding, but severe toxicity occurs to neural tissues and causes acute nerve injury
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses chitosan as a temporary, biodegradable adhesive that fulfills the bonding requirement during tissue healing then degrades safely, eliminating the need for permanent synthetic crosslinkers like glutaraldehyde
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts and eliminates the toxic glutaraldehyde crosslinking step by using chitosan's inherent adhesive properties enhanced through dialysis and controlled modifications, removing the harmful component while retaining the biological adhesive function
4Reliability
If treated and modified chitosan compositions are developed through dialysis and chemical modifications, then tissue bonding strength and biocompatibility are improved, but the manufacturing process complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent performs dialysis and chemical modifications during the manufacturing process to pre-establish the desired physical and chemical properties of chitosan, simplifying subsequent application steps and ensuring consistent performance
Solution Approach 2:
The invention systematically controls and optimizes specific parameters during dialysis and chemical modifications to achieve the desired balance between bonding strength and biocompatibility while managing manufacturing complexity
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The treated and modified chitosan compositions demonstrate enhanced tissue bonding strength, improved biocompatibility, and controlled drug release, offering superior performance compared to existing technologies with reduced toxicity and easier application.
Implementation Method 1
The treated chitosans are prepared by dialyzing the chitosan against water and various salts and/or anionic solutions
Implementation Method 2
Modified chitosans include chitosan that have undergone chemical modifications through covalent attachments of one or more functional groups to the chitosan molecules
Implementation Method 3
The pharmaceutical agent or agents can be directly attached to moieties on the chitosan or can be attached to the moieties on the chitosan through linkers or linking groups to form covalent linkages between the chitosan composition and the pharmaceutical agent or agents
Implementation Method 4
The linkages are cleavable via hydrolysis, via photolysis, via enzymatic activity or via a combination of hydrolysis, photolysis and enzymatic activity
Implementation Method 5
The linkages are cleavable via hydrolysis, via photolysis, via enzymatic activity or via a combination of hydrolysis, photolysis and enzymatic activity
Implementation Method 6
The linkages are cleavable via hydrolysis, via photolysis, via enzymatic activity or via a combination of hydrolysis, photolysis and enzymatic activity
Data Source
AI summary
Biomaterials are disclosed having unique properties that make it a useful material in adhesives, local drug delivery applications and as filler or bulking material. The biomaterials are strong, safe and easily used as a surgical adhesive. Treated chitosan, modified chitosan or modified and treated chitosan compositions are disclosed displaying strengths suitable for general surgical applications. The materials can be used as a drug delivery vehicle which allows for the localization of the delivered drug as well as a programmable tether which allows for the release of the drug on a timed basis or in response to a physiological state such as the release of proteolytic enzymes. The materials of this invention can also be modified and treated to optimize the retention of water, thereby serving as a useful filler or bulking material.