Modified Electrode for Protein Biosensing via Electrochemical Pretreatment

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for detecting albumin in urine, such as radioimmunoassay, immunoturbidimetry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, LC-MS, and HPLC, are either inaccurate, environmentally harmful, expensive, or require complex and time-consuming sample preparation, making them unsuitable for general use in assessing kidney disease.

Innovation Solution

A modified electrode is manufactured by mixing carbon nanomaterials with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and undergoing electrochemical pretreatment, enhancing protein adsorption capacity and enabling rapid production for use in protein biosensors and biofuel cells.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional methods (radioimmunoassay, immunoturbidimetry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, chemiluminescence immunoassay, LC-MS, HPLC) are used to detect albumin in urine, then detection sensitivity or accuracy is improved, but device complexity, manufacturing complexity, or operational complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedetection sensitivityVSAvoidinstrumentation complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces complex mechanical instrumentation systems (LC-MS, HPLC) with a simplified electrochemical sensor system that uses voltage application and current measurement to detect protein adsorption, eliminating the need for sophisticated instrumentation while maintaining detection sensitivity

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the electrode surface properties through electrochemical pretreatment (changing electrical and chemical parameters) to enhance protein adsorption capacity, allowing the simplified sensor to achieve performance comparable to complex instruments without requiring them

Inventive Principle:

Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If conventional methods are used to detect albumin in urine, then detection accuracy is improved, but manufacturing complexity and production time increase

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvedetection accuracyVSAvoidmanufacturing simplicity

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs electrochemical pretreatment of the electrode surface before protein detection to pre-establish optimal surface properties for protein adsorption, enabling simple one-step protein detection without complex sample preparation procedures

Inventive Principle:

Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts and eliminates complex sample preparation steps and sophisticated instrumentation from the detection process, retaining only the essential electrochemical measurement components while achieving comparable or superior detection accuracy

Inventive Principle:

Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Reliability

If electrochemical pretreatment is applied to the electrode, then protein adsorption capacity is improved, but treatment time increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveprotein adsorption capacityVSAvoidpretreatment time

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs cyclic voltammetry with periodic voltage cycling to achieve electrochemical pretreatment, where repeated cyclic scanning efficiently modifies the electrode surface properties for enhanced protein adsorption within a controlled time frame

Inventive Principle:

Principle #19Periodic action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The modified electrode achieves enhanced protein adsorption and detection sensitivity, simplifying the manufacturing process and enabling rapid preparation within one hour, suitable for protein detection, immobilization, and electrochemical catalysis.

Implementation Method 1

performing an electrochemical pretreatment by cyclic voltammetry method, constant potential method or constant current density method

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectElectrochemical pretreatment: Electrochemiluminescence

Implementation Method 2

the cyclic voltammetry method is performed by cycling at a scan rate of 100 mV/s to 500 mV/s between 0 V and 1.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl for 75 to 225 cycles

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectCyclic voltammetry:

Implementation Method 3

enhancing the protein adsorption capacity may be achieved by 3-ethyl-6-sulfonate benzothiazolinone imine and 3-ethyl-6-sulfonate benzothiazolone compound present on the modified electrode

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectProtein adsorption: Adsorption

Data Source

PatentUS11828754B2Modified electrode, manufacturing method thereof and use thereof

Publication Date: 2023.11.28 NAT CHENG KUNG UNIV

AI summary

A modified electrode, manufacturing method thereof and use thereof are provided. The manufacturing method includes steps of: mixing a carbon nanomaterial with 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), followed by drop-casting on a screen-printed carbon electrode, to obtain carbon material modified electrodes; and electrochemically pre-treating the carbon material modified electrodes by cyclic voltammetry technique, constant potential technique, or constant current technique to obtain a modified electrode. 3-Ethyl-6-sulfonate benzothiazolinone imine and 3-ethyl-6-sulfonate benzothiazolone compound are formed on a surface of the modified electrode, and the modified electrode is used for protein analysis, protein immobilization and related biosensor, electrochemical catalysis or biofuel cells.