Modified Polymers via Triazole-Maleic Anhydride Reaction
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for polymers resulting from the modification of 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with maleic anhydride-based polymers to alter or improve the physical and mechanical properties of such polymers, which are not adequately addressed by existing technologies.
Innovation Solution
The modification of 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles with a maleic anhydride-based polymer, allowing for partial or full reaction to form amic acids, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acidic salts, imides, esters, and their mixtures, enabling the design of polymers with varied physical and mechanical properties by adjusting the ratio and degree of ring opening.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles are modified with maleic anhydride-based polymers, then the physical and mechanical properties of the polymers can be altered or improved, but the complexity of the modification process increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the physical and mechanical properties of polymers by changing the chemical structure through reaction with 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. By adjusting the substitution patterns and reaction conditions, the polymer properties can be tuned without requiring complex multi-step synthesis processes.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates composite polymer structures by combining maleic anhydride-based polymers with substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. This composite approach allows the integration of different functional groups (imide, amic acid, carboxylic acid) within a single polymer system, achieving enhanced physical and mechanical properties through material composition rather than structural complexity.
2Manufacturing precision
If the ratio of substituted 1,2,3-triazole to maleic anhydride-based polymer is adjusted, then the degree of reaction can be controlled to provide partially or fully reacted polymers, but the precision of controlling the reaction extent increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs partial reaction by controlling the molar ratio of substituted 1,2,3-triazole to maleic anhydride-based polymer. By using sub-stoichiometric amounts of one reactant or controlling reaction time and temperature, the process produces polymers with controlled degrees of substitution, allowing tuning of physical properties without requiring precise control of complete reaction.
3Adaptability or versatility
If the modified polymers are ring-opened to provide amic acids, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acidic salts, imides, and esters, then the versatility of the polymer products increases, but the number of process steps increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent achieves product versatility by designing a single modification system that can produce multiple functional groups (imide, amic acid, carboxylic acid, ester) depending on reaction conditions. The maleic anhydride-based polymer reacts with substituted 1,2,3-triazoles to form a universal intermediate structure that can be converted to different end products through simple variations in pH, temperature, or additives, eliminating the need for separate synthesis pathways for each functional group.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach allows for the creation of polymers with tailored hydrophilic, hydrophobic, and mechanical properties, suitable for a wide range of applications, including personal care and pharmaceutical products, by selecting the appropriate type of maleic anhydride-based polymer and substituted 1,2,3-triazole, and adjusting the reaction conditions.
Implementation Method 1
the substituted 1,2,3-triazole is modified by reaction with a modifying polymer represented by the structure
Implementation Method 2
The resulting modified polymers may be partially or fully opened to provide amic acids, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acidic salts, imides, esters, and mixtures thereof
Data Source
AI summary
Provided are novel 4- and 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, and regioisomer mixtures thereof, modified polymers, wherein the substituted 1,2,3-triazoles are modified by reaction with a modifying polymer (maleic anhydride based polymer). Depending upon the ratio of the substituted 1,2,3-triazole to the maleic anhydride based polymer employed, the resulting modified polymers can provide maleic anhydride based polymers that are partially or fully reacted with the substituted 1,2,3-triazoles. The resulting modified polymers may be partially or fully opened to provide amic acids, carboxylic acids, carboxylic acidic salts, imides, or esters. The novel 4- or 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles, and regioisomer mixtures thereof, modified polymers can be converted to a wide variety of useful polymers and may be employed in a wide variety of compositions. An example of a modified polymer may be represented by the structure: formula: (1) wherein m, n, and q are defined herein.