Modular Cathode Assemblies for Scalable Electrolytic Reduction

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing single-step electrolytic reduction processes are limited in generating large amounts of reduced metallic products on a commercial scale due to static cathode size and configuration, lacking flexibility in configuration and operating parameters.

Innovation Solution

The development of modular electrolytic oxide reduction systems with interchangeable cathode and anode assemblies, allowing for flexible placement and power delivery, enabling scalable and efficient reduction of metal oxides through a single-stage process with controlled electrolyte and electrical parameters.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a static cathode configuration is used in electrolytic reduction, then the system structure is simple, but the production capacity and scalability are limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproduction capacityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The cathode is divided into multiple modular segments that can be independently configured and assembled. Each segment contains standardized components (basket, plate, connectors) that can be combined in various configurations to scale production capacity without redesigning the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system transitions from a static cathode design to a dynamic, reconfigurable modular architecture. Modules can be added, removed, or rearranged based on production requirements, enabling the system to adapt and scale while maintaining operational flexibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Adaptability or versatility

If fixed cathode size and configuration are used, then the device structure is straightforward, but the flexibility in configuration and operating parameters is reduced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveconfiguration flexibilityVSAvoidmodular system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The modular cathode design employs universal standardized components and interfaces that can serve multiple functions and configurations. The same basic module type can be used in different arrangements to accommodate various operating parameters and production scales, reducing the need for specialized custom designs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The system enables changes in operational parameters (current levels, electrode spacing, surface area) by reconfiguring the number and arrangement of modular units rather than designing entirely different systems, providing flexibility without proportional increases in complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Productivity

If modular cathode assemblies are implemented, then the production capacity and scalability improve, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovescalabilityVSAvoidassembly complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the cathode into standardized modular assemblies, the system achieves scalability through simple repetition and combination of identical units, which actually reduces the complexity of scaling compared to designing progressively more complex custom systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The modular design allows smaller functional units to be nested within larger system configurations. Standardized modules can be combined hierarchically to build up production capacity, where the same basic building blocks serve at multiple organizational levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #7Nested doll (Nesting)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This modular system facilitates the flexible and efficient reduction of various metal oxides on a commercial scale, improving production capacity, reducing manufacturing costs, and enhancing process control by allowing for variable power levels and configurations.

Implementation Method 1

the metal oxide is reduced through electrolytic conversion and ion exchange through the molten electrolyte

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrolytic conversion: Electrolysis

Implementation Method 2

the metal oxide is reduced through electrolytic conversion and ion exchange through the molten electrolyte

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectIon exchange: Ion Exchange

Implementation Method 3

the electrical connectors may have a same knife-edge shape that can electrically and mechanically connect modular cathode assemblies at several positions of electrical contacts having corresponding shapes

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP2655695B1Modular cathode assemblies and methods of using the same for electrochemical reduction
Publication Date: 2018.11.14 GE HITACHI NUCLEAR ENERGY AMERICAS LLC
  • EP2655695B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2655695B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2655695B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Modular cathode assemblies (300) are useable in electrolytic reduction systems and include a basket (310) through which fluid electrolyte may pass and exchange charge with a material to be reduced in the basket. The basket can be divided into upper (311) and lower (312) sections to provide entry for the material. Example embodiment cathode assemblies may have any shape to permit modular placement at any position in reduction systems. Modular cathode assemblies include a cathode plate (350) in the basket, to which unique and opposite electrical power may be supplied. Example embodiment modular cathode assemblies may have standardized electrical connectors. Modular cathode assemblies may be supported by a top plate of an electrolytic reduction system. Electrolytic oxide reduction systems are operated by positioning modular cathode and anode assemblies at desired positions, placing a material in the basket, and charging the modular assemblies to reduce the metal oxide.