Modular Air Cooled Condenser Bundles for Steam Distribution

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current mechanical draft air cooled condensers face challenges in uniform steam distribution, leading to increased turbine back pressure and inefficiency, and are labor-intensive to assemble, requiring significant time and cost.

Innovation Solution

A modular mechanical draft cooling tower design with a vertical axis configuration, featuring a plenum with delta condenser bundles and a support frame, allowing for pre-assembled condenser bundles with steam manifolds and condensate headers, which are transported and assembled on-site, reducing labor and increasing efficiency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If a large surface area is provided in the condenser to dissipate thermal energy, then heat exchange efficiency is improved, but steam side pressure drop increases thus increasing turbine back pressure and reducing efficiency

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchange efficiencyVSAvoidturbine back pressure
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSStress or pressure

Solution Approach 1:

The condenser is divided into multiple independent bundles, each with its own steam manifold and condensate header. This segmentation allows steam to be distributed through multiple parallel pathways, reducing pressure drop while maintaining large total heat exchange surface area. Each bundle operates semi-independently, optimizing both heat transfer efficiency and steam flow characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from a conventional horizontal condenser layout to a vertical orientation with bundles arranged along a vertical axis. This dimensional change allows gravity to assist condensate drainage, improves steam distribution uniformity, and enables more efficient heat exchange surface utilization without excessively increasing steam side pressure drop.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Productivity

If uniform steam distribution is achieved throughout the condenser, then heat exchange efficiency is improved, but ducting complexity and manufacturing cost increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheat exchange efficiencyVSAvoidducting layout complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The condenser is divided into multiple independent bundles, each with its own steam manifold and condensate header. This segmentation allows steam to be distributed through multiple parallel pathways, reducing pressure drop while maintaining large total heat exchange surface area. Each bundle operates semi-independently, optimizing both heat transfer efficiency and steam flow characteristics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple bundles are pre-assembled at the manufacturing plant with steam manifolds and condensate headers already installed and configured. This preliminary assembly ensures uniform steam distribution is built-in during manufacturing, simplifying on-site installation while maintaining optimal heat exchange performance through strategically designed ducting layouts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Adaptability or versatility

If the condenser is assembled at the job site, then customization and installation flexibility are improved, but assembly time and labor cost increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstallation flexibilityVSAvoidassembly time
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple bundles are pre-assembled at the manufacturing plant with steam manifolds and condensate headers already installed and configured. This preliminary assembly ensures uniform steam distribution is built-in during manufacturing, simplifying on-site installation while maintaining optimal heat exchange performance through strategically designed ducting layouts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

Multiple pre-assembled bundles are combined at the installation site to form the complete condenser assembly. This merging approach allows for rapid deployment while maintaining the flexibility to customize the overall configuration. The bundles are designed to be easily connected, reducing on-site assembly time and labor requirements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

4Manufacturing precision

If labor intensive assembly is performed to ensure proper configuration, then assembly precision is improved, but assembly cost and time increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveassembly precisionVSAvoidassembly cost
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

Multiple bundles are pre-assembled at the manufacturing plant with steam manifolds and condensate headers already installed and configured. This preliminary assembly ensures uniform steam distribution is built-in during manufacturing, simplifying on-site installation while maintaining optimal heat exchange performance through strategically designed ducting layouts.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The modular bundle design allows for self-aligning connections and standardized interfaces that reduce the need for highly skilled labor during assembly. The pre-configured steam manifolds and condensate headers are designed to automatically align and connect, ensuring proper configuration while reducing assembly complexity and cost.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The modular design reduces assembly time and cost, improves heat exchange efficiency by ensuring uniform steam distribution, and decreases turbine back pressure, resulting in increased power plant output and reduced construction complexity.

Implementation Method 1

Dry cooling towers dissipate heat by conduction and convection

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectHeat conduction: Conduction (thermal)

Implementation Method 2

Dry cooling towers dissipate heat by conduction and convection

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectConvection: Convection

Implementation Method 3

a mechanical draft cooling tower that utilizes air cooled condenser modules... achieves the exchange of heat between two fluids such as atmospheric air, ordinarily, and another fluid which is usually steam

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCondensation: Condensation

Data Source

PatentEP3004777B1Modular air cooled condenser apparatus and method
Publication Date: 2017.07.26 SPX DRY COOLING USA LLC
  • EP3004777B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3004777B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3004777B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a mechanical draft cooling tower that employs air cooled condenser modules. The aforementioned cooling tower operates by mechanical draft and achieves the exchange of heat between two fluids such as atmospheric air, ordinarily, and another fluid which is usually steam. The aforementioned cooling tower utilizes a modular air cooled condenser concept wherein the air cooled condensers utilize heat exchange deltas that use tube bundles that are manufactured and assembled prior to being shipped to the tower site.