Modular Fluidic Device for Rapid Biological Target Detection
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing laboratory instruments for analyzing biological agents lack integrated sample purification, biomolecule isolation, and detection sensitivity, have long detection times, and are costly and large, making them unsuitable for portable or field use.
Innovation Solution
The development of devices that include an assay mixing module for mixing biological targets with microbead complexes, a flow path for analyzing non-stationary microbead complexes, and modules for sample lysis and purification, enabling rapid and sensitive detection of biological targets using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If conventional laboratory instruments are used for analyzing biological agents, then detection capability is achieved, but device size is large and portability is poor
Solution Approach 1:
The device is segmented into modular functional units including a sample processing module with lysis chamber and purification cartridge, an assay module with reaction chamber, and a detection module with flow cell. Each module performs a specific function and can be independently optimized, allowing the overall system to be compact while maintaining detection capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs nested structures where the purification cartridge is inserted within the sample processing module, the reaction chamber is integrated within the assay module, and the flow cell is embedded within the detection module. This nesting approach maximizes space utilization and reduces overall device volume while preserving all necessary detection functions.
2Measurement precision
If conventional laboratory instruments are used for analyzing biological agents, then detection capability is achieved, but detection time is long
Solution Approach 1:
The device performs preliminary cell lysis and biomolecule purification before the actual detection assay. The lysis chamber pre-processes samples by breaking down cells, and the purification cartridge removes inhibitors, ensuring that the subsequent detection step can proceed rapidly with high sensitivity without requiring extended incubation or preparation times.
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated fluidic system maintains continuous flow of processed samples through the reaction chamber and into the detection flow cell without interruption. This continuous action eliminates idle transfer times between separate instruments and maintains optimal reaction conditions throughout the detection process, reducing total detection time.
3Measurement precision
If conventional laboratory instruments are used for analyzing biological agents, then detection capability is achieved, but cost of ownership is high
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs disposable single-use cartridges for sample purification and assay reagents. These pre-filled cartridges eliminate the need for expensive, complex purification systems and reduce contamination risks. The disposable nature lowers maintenance costs and simplifies operation, significantly reducing the overall cost of ownership while maintaining detection sensitivity.
Solution Approach 2:
The device replaces complex mechanical purification systems with a simplified integrated fluidic approach using pre-prepared reagents in disposable cartridges. This substitution eliminates the need for expensive pumps, valves, and mechanical separation devices, reducing manufacturing costs and making the system more economically viable for field deployment.
4Measurement precision
If conventional laboratory instruments are used for analyzing biological agents, then detection capability is achieved, but integrated sample purification and biomolecule isolation are lacking
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges sample purification, biomolecule isolation, and detection functions into a single integrated device. The purification cartridge and lysis chamber are combined in one module, the reaction chamber integrates assay mixing and incubation, and the flow cell provides detection. This consolidation eliminates the need for multiple separate instruments and manual transfer steps, reducing complexity while enhancing detection capability through streamlined sample processing.
Data Source
AI summary
Described herein are fluid-manipulation-based devices and methods of use. Fluid manipulations according to devices and methods as described herein can be configured to perform assays on biological samples. Devices and methods as described herein can manipulate and analyze nanoliter volumes of fluid, microliter volumes of fluid, milliliter volumes of fluid, or greater. Embodiments of the present disclosure can enable random biological assays and rapid, simultaneous analysis of multiple biological samples.