Modular Frame Connector Assembly for Wind and Seismic Loads
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current modular building construction methods face challenges in resisting wind and seismic forces, particularly in tall or slender buildings, due to the limitations of conventional module connections, which lead to increased material usage, construction time, and reduced usable floor area, while also being inefficient in handling non-orthogonal shapes and varying module configurations.
Innovation Solution
A connector assembly comprising upper and lower connectors with a gusset plate, allowing for load-bearing, moment-connected, and versatile interconnections between modular frames, enabling quick and accurate rigging and hoisting, and facilitating the use of non-orthogonal shapes without the need for complex connections or excessive precision cutting.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Strength
If conventional pinned connections between modules are used, then assembly is simple and quick, but the structure cannot effectively resist wind and seismic forces in tall or slender buildings
Solution Approach 1:
The connection system is segmented into multiple functional components: upper and lower connectors with T-shaped openings for moment resistance, gusset plates for load distribution, and integrated lifting devices. This segmentation allows each component to specialize in specific functions (moment connection, load bearing, lifting) while working together to achieve overall structural strength without requiring a completely complex monolithic connection system.
Solution Approach 2:
The connector assembly performs multiple functions simultaneously: it provides moment-resistant connections through T-shaped openings and bolted gusset plates, bears vertical and lateral loads through the rigid connector structure, and enables lifting operations through integrated lifting devices with T-shaped engaging means. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate specialized components for each function.
2Strength
If large columns are used to create alternate load paths, then force resistance improves, but useful floor area is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The connection components (upper connector, lower connector, gusset plate) are merged into a compact integrated assembly that fits within the module corner geometry. This merging allows the load path to be established through the connection assembly itself rather than requiring separate large columns that would intrude into the floor area. The gusset plate acts as both a connection element and a load distribution mechanism within the existing module footprint.
3Strength
If secondary frames are constructed to transmit loads, then force transmission capability improves, but assembly time and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The moment-resistant connection capability is built into the connector assembly itself during manufacturing, with T-shaped openings and gusset plates pre-positioned to create rigid connections. This preliminary action eliminates the need for secondary frames that would require additional on-site assembly steps. The lifting devices are also pre-integrated onto the module corners, allowing immediate lifting operations without separate frame construction.
4Strength
If modules are reinforced to resist forces in a distributed fashion, then force resistance improves, but material usage and cost increase
Solution Approach 1:
The reinforcement is applied locally at the connection points where forces are concentrated (upper and lower connectors with gusset plates at module corners) rather than uniformly throughout the entire module structure. This local quality approach provides the necessary force resistance at critical locations while minimizing overall material usage. The lifting devices are also positioned locally at corners where they can efficiently engage with the concentrated connection assembly.
Data Source
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AI summary
A connector assembly, having an upper connector coupled to a lower connector and a gusset plate sandwiched between the upper and lower connectors. Also, disclosed is a hoistable connector assembly, a lifting frame assembly, a coupling system for modular frame units, a method for assembling a module unit using the connector assembly, and a modular frame unit and building having the connector assembly.