Modular Fuel Cell System with Pressure Maintenance

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional fuel cell systems face challenges with low voltage output from individual cells, making them difficult to use in many applications, and the series connection of cells results in a fixed and cumbersome stack design that is hard to adapt or maintain, with uneven contact pressure distribution.

Innovation Solution

A modular fuel cell system with a central control and regulation unit, a supply unit, and a fuel cell unit, featuring quick-change connections and a pressure maintenance device to ensure consistent contact pressure and easy module addition/removal, allowing for flexible power generation by connecting fuel cells in series or parallel.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If fuel cells are connected in series to generate higher voltages, then the voltage output is improved, but the system becomes fixed and difficult to adapt or maintain

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage outputVSAvoidadaptability
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The fuel cell system is divided into modular units that can be independently connected or disconnected. Each module contains one or more fuel cells with independent electrical connections, allowing the system to be segmented into manageable sections that can be easily reconfigured, added, or removed without affecting the entire system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system employs dynamic reconfiguration capabilities where fuel cell modules can be electrically reconnected in different series or parallel arrangements based on power requirements. The modular design with independent electrical connections allows the system to transition between different operational states, adapting to varying voltage and power demands.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Stability of the object's composition

If fuel cells are firmly connected in a stack, then structural stability is improved, but removal of individual cells becomes difficult

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvestructural stabilityVSAvoidease of removal
Core Design Contradiction:
Stability of the object's compositionVSEase of repair

Solution Approach 1:

The stack is segmented into modular fuel cell units with defined interfaces. Each module can be independently removed by disconnecting at the module level rather than requiring disassembly of the entire stack. The modular design maintains structural integrity during operation while enabling easy replacement of individual modules.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

Interface elements such as connection plates, sealing elements, and electrical contacts serve as intermediaries between fuel cell modules. These intermediaries allow for easy insertion and removal of modules while maintaining structural stability and proper electrical connections during operation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Force

If compressed gas is used to exert contact pressure on the fuel cell stack, then contact pressure is generated, but uneven distribution of pressure occurs

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontact pressureVSAvoidpressure distribution uniformity
Core Design Contradiction:
ForceVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The pressure distribution is optimized by considering the curved or domed shape of the end plates and the compression elements. The curved surfaces help distribute the compressive force more evenly across the fuel cell stack, reducing stress concentrations and achieving more uniform pressure distribution throughout the stack.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Solution Approach 2:

The system allows for adjustment of compression parameters such as the force applied, the position of compression elements, and the rigidity of end plates. By changing these parameters, the pressure distribution can be optimized to achieve uniform contact pressure across all fuel cells in the stack.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The modular design enables flexible power output and easy maintenance, overcoming the limitations of low voltage and fixed stack configurations, while ensuring consistent contact pressure for efficient operation.

Implementation Method 1

a pressure maintenance device (150) for the controlled generation and maintenance of an overpressure in a housing of the fuel cell unit (130)

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectOverpressure generation: Pressurisation

Data Source

PatentEP2422397B1Fuel cell system
Publication Date: 2013.06.12 RITTER ELEKTRONIK
  • EP2422397B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2422397B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2422397B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The invention relates to a system of a plurality of individual fuel cells which system may comprise a plurality of fuel cells. Said fuel cells are arranged and fastened in a fuel cell unit in such a manner that they can be separately supplied with fuel, separately monitored and individually removed and inserted with relatively little complication.