Modular Fuel Cell Reformer with Interchangeable Functional Units

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing fuel cell systems face high development and manufacturing costs due to the need for a wide range of specially tailored systems to process different types of fuel, as they must achieve the highest possible hydrogen proportion in reformate, requiring frequent adjustments to the reformer.

Innovation Solution

A modular reformer design where functional units tailored to specific fuels can be easily exchanged via quick connections, such as bayonet connections, allowing the reformer to be adapted to different fuels without costly dismantling, with interchangeable units sharing identical interfaces for optimal compatibility.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If the reformer is specially tailored to different types of fuel, then the hydrogen proportion in reformate is optimized, but the development and manufacturing costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvehydrogen proportion in reformateVSAvoiddevelopment and manufacturing costs
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The reformer is divided into modular functional units (evaporator, reformer burner, catalytic converter) that can be independently exchanged. Each unit is optimized for specific fuel types, allowing the system to achieve high hydrogen proportion in reformate while reducing overall manufacturing costs through standardized modular components rather than completely custom-designed systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The reformer uses universal interfaces (quick connections, bayonet connections) that allow the same base structure to accommodate different functional units for different fuel types. This multi-functionality enables the system to process various fuels (diesel, petrol, biogas, natural gas) without requiring completely different reformer designs, thus reducing development and manufacturing costs while maintaining optimization for each fuel type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Adaptability or versatility

If the reformer is adjusted to different fuel types, then the system performance is optimized, but the complexity of the system increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel type adaptabilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

By segmenting the reformer into separate functional units with standardized interfaces, the system achieves high adaptability to different fuel types without increasing overall complexity. Each module remains relatively simple in design, and the complexity of handling multiple fuel types is managed through the modular architecture rather than through complex integrated systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The reformer system is designed to be dynamically reconfigurable through quick connections and bayonet connections that allow rapid exchange of functional units. This dynamic capability enables the system to adapt to different fuel types by simply swapping modules rather than reconfiguring complex internal structures, thereby maintaining low system complexity while achieving high versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If the reformer is designed for multiple fuel types, then the versatility is improved, but the manufacturing costs increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefuel type versatilityVSAvoidmanufacturing costs
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The reformer is segmented into standardized functional units that can be manufactured independently using similar processes and materials. This segmentation allows for economies of scale in manufacturing common components (interfaces, housing, basic piping) while only the fuel-specific functional units require specialized manufacturing, thereby reducing overall manufacturing costs compared to building completely custom multi-fuel systems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The reformer employs universal interfaces and standardized connection mechanisms that can accommodate different fuel-specific functional units. This universality means that the base reformer structure and supporting infrastructure need only be manufactured once, while fuel-specific adaptations are achieved through interchangeable modules, significantly reducing manufacturing costs compared to producing separate complete systems for each fuel type.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables cost-effective and simple adaptation of fuel cell systems to various fuels by reusing essential reformer units, optimizing the entire system for different fuel types through modular and user-friendly replacement of functional units, thereby reducing manufacturing and development expenses.

Implementation Method 1

In the gas mixture formation unit 28, a gaseous mixture is formed from the fuel and an oxidizing agent, preferably air, preferably with evaporation of the fuel.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Implementation Method 2

The fuel is then reacted with the oxygen in the reformer, with the partial oxidation process preferably being carried out.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPartial oxidation: Oxidation

Implementation Method 3

Fuel cell systems are used in a generally known manner to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFuel cell electrochemical conversion: Fuel Cell

Data Source

PatentEP2032249B1Reformer for a fuel cell system
Publication Date: 2009.10.07 EHNERDEJ GMBKH
  • EP2032249B1 patent drawingFigure 1

AI summary

The invention relates to a reformer (12) for a fuel cell system (10) for creating a reformate. Said reformer comprises several functional units (28, 30) for treating the fuel, at least one functional unit (28, 30) being adapted to a first fuel type. The invention is characterised in that the functional unit (28, 30) that is adapted to the first fuel type is coupled to the reformer (12) as a detachable module by means of an interface (32), which is also configured to couple a replacement functional unit to the reformer (12) instead of the functional unit (28, 30) that is adapted to the first fuel type, said replacement functional unit being adapted to a second fuel type, which differs from the first fuel type. The invention also relates to a functional unit for a reformer of this type, to a fuel cell system (10) comprising a reformer of this type (12) and to a motor vehicle comprising a fuel cell system (10) of this type.