Modular Patient Enclosure with Electrochromic Glass and UV Decontamination

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Solution Overview

Problem

Hospital environments face challenges in reducing the transmission of antibiotic-resistant organisms like MRSA and C. Diff, as current disinfection methods using vaporized hydrogen peroxide are time-consuming and risk contamination of adjacent areas, and existing isolation solutions do not effectively control airborne pathogens.

Innovation Solution

A self-contained patient enclosure with electrochromic glass panels, UV radiators, an air circulation system, and a filtration system that includes a plasma generator and catalytic converter, allowing for controlled atmosphere and pressure to prevent airborne contamination and enable quick decontamination using UV radiation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If vaporized hydrogen peroxide is used for disinfection, then decontamination effectiveness is improved, but the risk of contamination of adjacent areas and time consumption increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedecontamination effectivenessVSAvoidrisk of contamination of adjacent areas
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The harmful vaporized hydrogen peroxide is extracted and confined within the patient enclosure during the sterilization process. The enclosure isolates the disinfection agent to the specific treatment area, preventing it from spreading to adjacent spaces while maintaining effective concentration inside the enclosure.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The patient enclosure acts as an intermediary barrier between the disinfection process and the hospital environment. It allows effective decontamination to occur within the enclosed space while protecting surrounding areas from exposure to hazardous vaporized hydrogen peroxide.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If vaporized hydrogen peroxide is used for sterilization, then decontamination effectiveness is improved, but the time required increases due to lengthy aeration phase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesterilization effectivenessVSAvoidtime required for sterilization cycle
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The time-consuming aeration phase is extracted and contained within the patient enclosure. By isolating the hydrogen peroxide breakdown process within the sealed enclosure, the system eliminates the need for extended aeration time that would be required if the same process occurred in an open hospital environment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The enclosure is sealed and prepared in advance before the sterilization cycle begins. This preliminary sealing action creates a controlled environment that allows the sterilization and subsequent aeration phases to proceed more efficiently without the time losses associated with maintaining an open system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Object-affected harmful factors

If patient isolation rooms are used, then transmission of harmful organisms is reduced, but airborne pathogens can still enter through normal air circulation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransmission of harmful organismsVSAvoidairborne organisms and bacteria entering through air circulation
Core Design Contradiction:
Object-affected harmful factorsVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patient enclosure creates a controlled atmospheric environment that is isolated from the hospital's normal air circulation. By establishing this separate atmospheric zone with controlled pressure differentials and filtration, the system prevents airborne pathogens from the hospital environment from entering the patient care space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

Solution Approach 2:

The patient enclosure system provides multiple protective functions simultaneously: it isolates patients with contagious diseases, protects immunocompromised patients from airborne pathogens, and enables effective decontamination. The same enclosure structure serves as both a protective barrier and a controlled environment for various patient care scenarios.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

4Reliability

If airtight seals are required for decontamination, then containment effectiveness is improved, but device complexity and assembly difficulty increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecontainment effectivenessVSAvoidairtight seal requirements
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The enclosure system uses dynamic pressure control rather than static airtight sealing. By actively managing pressure differentials between the enclosure interior and the hospital environment, the system achieves effective containment without requiring complex airtight seals, making the structure simpler and easier to assemble.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The mechanical requirement for complex airtight seals is replaced with a pressure-based containment system. Instead of relying on intricate sealing mechanisms, the enclosure uses controlled pressure differentials to achieve containment, substituting mechanical complexity with a more straightforward pressure management approach.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The enclosure effectively decontaminates surfaces and maintains a controlled environment, preventing airborne pathogens from entering or escaping, and can be assembled within existing rooms without requiring airtight seals, thus enhancing patient safety and reducing hospital-acquired infections.

Implementation Method 1

UV radiators are provided within the area of the enclosure... operable when energized to kill harmful organisms, bacteria, and viruses within the enclosure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectUV radiation: Radiation

Implementation Method 2

An air circulation system circulates air through the area defined by the enclosure. The air circulation system is comprised of a conduit having distal ends communicating with the area within the enclosure at spaced-apart locations in the enclosure, and a blower for blowing air through the enclosure

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectForced convection: Forced Convection

Implementation Method 3

An air filtration system is connected to the conduit such that air flowing through the conduit is filtered by the air filtration system

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFiltration: Filter (physical)

Implementation Method 4

At least one of the walls has a panel of electrochromic glass that is switchable between a clear, transparent state, an opaque state and a light reflective (mirror) state

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrochromism: Electrochromism

Data Source

PatentEP3021808B1Modular patient care enclosure
Publication Date: 2018.10.03 AMERICAN STERILIZER CO
  • EP3021808B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3021808B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3021808B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A patient enclosure, comprised of at least two spaced-apart side walls, a top wall, and a front wall, the side walls, the top wall, and the front wall defining a predetermined area surrounding a location where a patient is positionable. At least one of the walls has a panel of electrochromic glass that is switchable between a clear state, an opaque state and a reflective (mirrored) state. UV radiators are provided within the area of the enclosure. An air circulation system is provided for circulating air through the area defined by the enclosure. A controller controls the UV radiators and the air circulation system. The controller is programmed to create one of a higher pressure or a lower pressure within the area as compared to the environment surrounding the enclosure.